CAJ | 학술논문

摘要：血料灰浆是中国古代建筑灰浆的重要代表作之一，体现出浓郁的中国传统工艺特色，反映了当时建筑技术的科技水平。本研究从血料灰浆的科技史入手，综述了传统血料灰浆的应用历史和制备方法，包括在油饰彩画地仗层、油漆地仗层、漆器和桥梁建筑等方面；结合各种现代科技文献评述了古代建筑灰浆中动物血蛋白的检测方法，包括各种物理化学方法和免疫法；阐述了灰浆中动物血的功能，如加气作用、减水作用、防水作用、平整和抗龟裂作用等，探讨了血料灰浆的作用机理。此外，还简述了血料、蛋清、糯米、红糖、桐油等有机添加剂的复配问题。本研究的总体目标是希望以此为基础，进一步加深对血料灰浆科学性和局限性的认识，并通过对血料灰浆的研究和传统工艺的科学化改进，更好地为当今古建筑修缮保护服务。
적요：혈료회장시중국고대건축회장적중요대표작지일，체현출농욱적중국전통공예특색，반영료당시건축기술적과기수평。본연구종혈료회장적과기사입수，종술료전통혈료회장적응용역사화제비방법，포괄재유식채화지장층、유칠지장층、칠기화교량건축등방면；결합각충현대과기문헌평술료고대건축회장중동물혈단백적검측방법，포괄각충물이화학방법화면역법；천술료회장중동물혈적공능，여가기작용、감수작용、방수작용、평정화항구렬작용등，탐토료혈료회장적작용궤리。차외，환간술료혈료、단청、나미、홍당、동유등유궤첨가제적복배문제。본연구적총체목표시희망이차위기출，진일보가심대혈료회장과학성화국한성적인식，병통과대혈료회장적연구화전통공예적과학화개진，경호지위당금고건축수선보호복무。
An organic - inorganic mortar can be created by adding organic materials to lime mortars and tabia. Blood - based mortar is one of the most important representative formulations among the ancient Chinese organic - inorganic mortars. It reflects not only a distinctive feature of traditional Chinese crafts, but also the scientific level of the construction technology at that time. The history of use of blood - material mortar can be traced back 2200 years, to the ground plaster used in building the Qin （B. C. 221 - 206） Xianyang Palace, which consisted of pig blood, lime and a kind of stone named ginger rock. This blood - based mortar was used primarily as the ground layer of decorative oil paintings, lacquer ware, etc. It is generally believed that the widest use of blood - based ma- terial as a ground layer of decorative oil paintings and oil paint was in the Qing Dynasty （ A. D. 1644 ~ 1911 ） , while its use in lacquerware starts no later than the Ming Dynasty （A. D. 1368 - 1644）. The method for preparing blood - based mortar, which originates in the Qin consists of rubbing, filtering, adding limewater, and stirring. The ultimate product is jelly - like. It can be used directly, or it can be first prepared with lime and then put into use. Nowadays the analysis and detection of the blood products in mortars is based primarily on the detection of the proteins in the mortars. The detection methods include Kjeldahl determination, spectroscopic analysis, chromato- graphic study, mass spectrometric method, Folin- phenol method and ELISA method, etc. Animal blood exerts many effects on mortars, including foaming, water reduction, improved viscosity, water- proofing, decrease of roughness, anti - cracking, etc. This article also＇discusses the effective mechanisms of blood- based mortar. The foaming effect comes from the proteins contained in the animal blood, especially the hemoglobin which has a great solubility and makes a perfect foaming agent. The water reducing effect is due to the anionic and hydrophilic groups of the blood proteins enhancing the dispersion of particles in the mortar, thus relea- ses the free water in the flocculated structure. The improved viscosity due to the blood protein is probably caused by the ion crosslinking of calcium, carbonate and hydroxyl ions in the alkaline environment created by the lime. Waterproofing results from chemical bonds formed by the hydroxyl, amino and carboxyl groups, etc. Finally, the mixture of blood materials and tung oil forms channel - structured membrane, thus improves roughness and reduces cracking Apart from blood - based mortars, the ancient Chinese organic - inorganic mortars also utilized egg - whites, sticky rice, brown sugar and tung oil, etc. These mortars, like blood- based mortar, also had excellent properties and functions. In many cases, all five natural organic compounds （egg white, blood, sticky rice, brown sugar and tung oil） are mixed up with one another to form integrated mortars. The overall objective was to learn more about the aid in historical building restoration and protection. scientific basis and limitations of blood- material mortars to