CAJ | 학술논문

将旅游消费分为基本旅游消费和非基本旅游消费是旅游经济学的一个基本理论观点，这一观点认为，住宿、餐饮、长途交通、游览等作为基本旅游消费，占总旅游消费的比重会随居民收入增加而下降；购物、娱乐、邮电通信消费等消费作为非基本旅游消费，占总旅游消费的比重会随居民收入增加而上升。以往的研究在总体上倾向于支持上述观点，但是，由于逻辑问题和数据可比性问题，使得这种结论并不可靠。本文利用旅游抽样调查自身的数据，对居民收入和各项旅游花费占总花费的比重进行相关性分析，表明上述经典观点是错误的。实际上，由于住宿、餐饮、长途交通、游览等具有不同档次，随着收入的增加，旅游者用于这些方面的消费占旅游花费的比重未必会下降。
장여유소비분위기본여유소비화비기본여유소비시여유경제학적일개기본이론관점，저일관점인위，주숙、찬음、장도교통、유람등작위기본여유소비，점총여유소비적비중회수거민수입증가이하강；구물、오악、유전통신소비등소비작위비기본여유소비，점총여유소비적비중회수거민수입증가이상승。이왕적연구재총체상경향우지지상술관점，단시，유우라집문제화수거가비성문제，사득저충결론병불가고。본문이용여유추양조사자신적수거，대거민수입화각항여유화비점총화비적비중진행상관성분석，표명상술경전관점시착오적。실제상，유우주숙、찬음、장도교통、유람등구유불동당차，수착수입적증가，여유자용우저사방면적소비점여유화비적비중미필회하강。
Dividing tourism consumption into basic and non-basic tourism consumption is a basic theory of tourism economics. The theory acknowledges that the percentage of basic tourism consumption involving accommoda- tion , catering , toll transportation and sightseeing,is declining with the increase of resident＇s income while the pro- portion of non-basic tourism consumption as shopping, entertainment and telecommunication is ascending with the increase of resident＇s income. Existing researches generally tend to support the above viewpoint but there are two problems. One problem is that resident＇s income elasticity of each item of tourism consumption is not equivalent to the overall tourism con- sumption elasticity on this item of tourist consumption and is also subject to the income elasticity of the whole tourism activity. The extended linear expenditure system model applied by existing studies doesn＇t reveal the log- ic. Another problem is that the data of residents＇ income used in several domestic empirical studies is divided into urban and rural according to census register while the classification of tourist consumption data is based on perma- nent residence. As statistical caliber of resident＇s income is inconsistent with that of tourism consumption , the ap- proach that the income of urban and rural resident makes a comparison with tourism consumption of urban and rural resident leads a distorted research conclusion. To circumvent the problems of existing researches, this paper is based on the data involving the income of ur- ban and rural resident and tourism expense , which is gathered from sampling survey conducted by National Tourism Administration and National Tourism Bureau of china After processing , we look into the correlation between residents＇ income and tourism consumption structure. The result shows that for urban residents, the proportion of sce- nic spot expense accounting for the total tourism consumption has a negative correlation with residents＇ income while the percentage of the inter-city transportation, accommodation, catering, entertainment and other expenses accounting for the total tourism consumption aren＇t correlated with residents＇ income. For rural residents , the proportion of toll transportation cost accounting for the total tourism consumption has a negative correlation with residents＇ income while the percentage of catering, accommodation, local transportation, scenic spot, entertainment accounting for the total tourism consumption have a positive correlation with residents＇ income . Regardless of the urban or rural resi- dents, they generally don＇t support the view that basic tourism consumption involves accommodation , catering, toll transportation , sightseeing and non-basic tourism consumption involves shopping, entertainment, telecommunication. The reason for the disagreement is that basic tourism consumption mentioned by the traditional theory such as accommodation, catering and toll transport is a necessity during tourism activities and there is a grade in itself. For instance, among the levels of toll transportation expense traveling from Beijing to Changsha, the highest grade is 20 times more expensive than the lowest one. Since the high income people can choose high-grade basic tourism con- sumption, the proportion of toll transportation consumption accounting for the total tourism consumption maybe not show a descending trend. The analysis on correlation between the proportion of different mode of toll transportation accounting for the total tourism consumption and residents＇ income can attest the above point. For urban residents , there is no correlation between inter-city transportation and income but specifically aircraft is positively correlated , coach is negatively correlated and ships is irrelevant. For rural residents , there is negative correlation between toll transportation and income , but specifically aircraft is positively correlated , coach and train are both negatively cor- related and ships is irrelevant , which is consistent with urban residents＇ trend. The above information manifests that people is more inclined to take flight instead of train and coach with the increase of income. Dividing tourism consumption into basic consumption and none-basic consumption in tourism economics largely draws from economics where consumption goods are divided into necessities and luxuries. But with the reference of economics, tourism researches neglects the assumed conditions and the fact that tourism consumption is a concrete consumption field. The prerequisite of analyzing tourism consumption is different from that of the whole consumption goods market. Therefore direct reference is prone to lead deviation. Empirical data shows that there are some incorrect viewpoints in traditional theory regarding the partition of basic and non-basic tourism consumption. As basic consumption is fundamental, people is more inclined to spend budget on upgrading the level of basic consumption not some dispensable none basic consumption with the increase of income. Given the development of tourism destination , research finding implicitly suggests that dedicated to im- prove non- basic consumption such as shopping and entertainment ,we simultaneously should notice the importance of providing basic consumption which is consistent with market demand and different level of eating,lodging, trans- portation as well as traveling.