CAJ | 학술논문

本文基于珠三角农民工调查数据，考察了企业特征和农民工权利意识对两者雇佣关系的影响，并从劳动力市场分割的视角，分析了劳动合同所造成的工资溢价效应及其动态变迁。实证结果显示，国有、集体和外资企业，以及规模较大的企业，为了应对社会责任与制度压力，更倾向于与农民工签订短期劳动合同，相应的工资与福利水平也更低；农民工权利意识越高，越有可能与企业签订劳动合同，并参与合同内容的协商。进一步地，本文发现，签订劳动合同的农民工比未签订者拥有更高的工资和福利水平，且工资差距逐年递增。检验结果表明，这一差异并非人力资本的合理回报，而是劳动力市场分割所导致的工资溢价效应。本文认为，获得稳定、合法的雇佣关系对于保障农民工权益、消除劳动力市场分割至关重要，而提高劳动合同签订率则成为当务之急。
본문기우주삼각농민공조사수거，고찰료기업특정화농민공권리의식대량자고용관계적영향，병종노동력시장분할적시각，분석료노동합동소조성적공자일개효응급기동태변천。실증결과현시，국유、집체화외자기업，이급규모교대적기업，위료응대사회책임여제도압력，경경향우여농민공첨정단기노동합동，상응적공자여복이수평야경저；농민공권리의식월고，월유가능여기업첨정노동합동，병삼여합동내용적협상。진일보지，본문발현，첨정노동합동적농민공비미첨정자옹유경고적공자화복이수평，차공자차거축년체증。검험결과표명，저일차이병비인력자본적합리회보，이시노동력시장분할소도치적공자일개효응。본문인위，획득은정、합법적고용관계대우보장농민공권익、소제노동력시장분할지관중요，이제고노동합동첨정솔칙성위당무지급。
With the deepening of industrialization and urbanization tant part of the urban labor market, which makes the rights and interests speaking, the rights and interests of rural migrants are closely related to , the rural migrants have become an impor- of them an important social issue. Generally their employment relationship, especially the labor contract. Since the labor contract legally stipulates the rights and obligations of both the employers and the em- ployees, it serves as an essential guarantee for the rural migrants to protect their legitimate rights and interests. However, with relatively low labor contracting rate in recent years, the rights and interests of the rural migrants are frequently infringed, evoking sharp conflicts between employers and workers. Although since the enactment of the new Labor Contract Law in 2008, the contracting rate has risen drastically, it is still too low and more than 50% rural migrants have not signed the labor contract. According to the statistics in this paper, the average wage of the rural migrants who have signed the labor contract is much higher than those who have not, and the wage gap is more significant after taking the fringe benefits into consideration. Is the wage gap between the two groups of rural mi- grants just a reasonable compensate for human capital difference？ Or is it the wage premium induced by labor mar- ket segmentation？ In this paper, we aim to analyze the determinants of the rural migrants＇ employment relationship and test whether there exists labor market segmentation between the rural migrants who have signed the labor con- tract and those who have not. Based on survey data of rural migrants, we first use the probit model to examine the factors influencing the rural migrants＇ employment relationship. In this section, we place great emphasis on the effects of enterprise characteristics and rural migrants＇ right consciousness. It is found that state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises and foreign en- terprises tend to offer labor contract to the rural migrant workers because of their social responsibility and legal pres- sure; the larger the scale of enterprise, the more likely it will sign labor contract with the rural migrant workers. However,in order to cut the production costs and increase the flexibility in adjusting labor, these enterpri- ses are more willing ral migrants, higher those who are more and interests have a to sign short-term labor contract with the rural migrant workers. From the perspective of the ru- right consciousness is significantly correlated with better employment relationship. Specifically, familiar with the Labor Law and more eager searching the relative information about their rights higher probability of signing the labor contract; the knowledge of the Labor Law will also con- tribute to rural migrants＇ participation into the labor contract negotiation. Then, we use the endogenous switching model to test whether there exists labor market segmentation. After con- trolling the human capital factors, the rural migrants who have signed the labor contract still have higher wage level than those who have not, which proves that there indeed exists labor market segmentation. Furthermore, the wage premium induced by the labor market segmentation is increasing year by year, and is more noticeable after the en- actment of the new Labor Contract Law. These results imply that since the new Labor Contract Law pays more atten- tion to the labor rights and interests, it widens the wage gap between the two groups of rural migrants. For the government＇s part, it should spare no efforts to popularize the knowledge of Labor Contract Law among the rural mi- grants, which will help promote their right consciousness and obtain better employment relationship.