CAJ | 학술논문

使用事件相关电位（ERP）技术和测试来源记忆的多键范式, 探讨不同情绪效价背景下来源提取的认知神经机制。学习阶段, 同时呈现汉字和3种效价情绪图片（重叠）; 测验阶段, 只呈现汉字, 要求被试进行四键判断：旧字且背景为中性, 旧字且背景为正性, 旧字且背景为负性, 新字。结果发现：在提取阶段, 刺激呈现后300-500 ms, 3种情绪背景下来源判断正确项目和来源判断错误项目都比新项目诱发了更正的ERPs（即都存在新旧效应）, 这一结果反映出刺激呈现后300-500 ms是一个早期的项目提取阶段, 它独立于来源提取。并且, 在中性背景下, 两种新旧效应没有差别; 而在正性和负性背景下, 来源判断正确项目的新旧效应显著大于来源判断错误项目。说明相比于中性背景, 情绪背景下被试可能更早对来源信息产生熟悉感。在500-650 ms, 3种情绪背景下都存在来源判断正确项目的新旧效应, 在来源判断错误项目和新项目之间没有显著差异, 来源正确与来源错误有显著的新旧效应差异, 但二者在头皮分布上是类似的, 这反映了晚期的来源提取过程。同时来源正确的新旧效应在这两个时段有显著不同的头皮分布, 表明这两个时段有不同加工过程。另外, 在500-650 ms, 存在显著的情绪效应, 正性背景下正确判断来源诱发的ERPs比中性和负性背景下的更正, 而且来源判断错误条件下没有情绪效应。综上所述, 来源正确和来源错误可能仅仅反映了大脑激活在量上的不同, 并不能推断两者存在质的差异; 大脑神经活动的早期不仅反映了对记忆项目的熟悉性, 而且也受情绪效应的影响, 500 ms之后大脑神经活动反映的是对记忆项目回想的过程, 这一回想过程也与情绪效应有关, 受到情绪效应的调节。
사용사건상관전위（ERP）기술화측시래원기억적다건범식, 탐토불동정서효개배경하래원제취적인지신경궤제。학습계단, 동시정현한자화3충효개정서도편（중첩）; 측험계단, 지정현한자, 요구피시진행사건판단：구자차배경위중성, 구자차배경위정성, 구자차배경위부성, 신자。결과발현：재제취계단, 자격정현후300-500 ms, 3충정서배경하래원판단정학항목화래원판단착오항목도비신항목유발료경정적ERPs（즉도존재신구효응）, 저일결과반영출자격정현후300-500 ms시일개조기적항목제취계단, 타독립우래원제취。병차, 재중성배경하, 량충신구효응몰유차별; 이재정성화부성배경하, 래원판단정학항목적신구효응현저대우래원판단착오항목。설명상비우중성배경, 정서배경하피시가능경조대래원신식산생숙실감。재500-650 ms, 3충정서배경하도존재래원판단정학항목적신구효응, 재래원판단착오항목화신항목지간몰유현저차이, 래원정학여래원착오유현저적신구효응차이, 단이자재두피분포상시유사적, 저반영료만기적래원제취과정。동시래원정학적신구효응재저량개시단유현저불동적두피분포, 표명저량개시단유불동가공과정。령외, 재500-650 ms, 존재현저적정서효응, 정성배경하정학판단래원유발적ERPs비중성화부성배경하적경정, 이차래원판단착오조건하몰유정서효응。종상소술, 래원정학화래원착오가능부부반영료대뇌격활재량상적불동, 병불능추단량자존재질적차이; 대뇌신경활동적조기불부반영료대기억항목적숙실성, 이차야수정서효응적영향, 500 ms지후대뇌신경활동반영적시대기억항목회상적과정, 저일회상과정야여정서효응유관, 수도정서효응적조절。
The interaction between recognition memory and emotion has become a research hotspot in recent years. Dual process theory posits that familiarity and recollection are two separate processes contributing to recognition memory. It has been hypothesized that item retrieval is based on both familiarity and recollection, whereas source retrieval relies solely on recollection. Event related potentials（ERPs） studies on recognition memory have identified two old/new effects that refer to familiarity and recollection, respectively. The mid-frontal old/new effect, occurring at approximately 300~500ms over frontal electrode sites, is attributed to familiarity. The parietal old/new effect, approximately 500~800ms maximal over parietal electrode sites, reflects recollection. In source memory paradigm, when both the item and source are remembered accurately, it is inferred that the memory decision is based on recollection. When correct item recognition is accompanied with an incorrect source attribution, it is posited that the memory decision is based on familiarity. Recent studies have discussed the interaction between source memory and emotion under “emotional context.”, and many studies have supported the theory that source retrieval is mediated by valence of emotional context. In the present study, we used ERPs techniques to explore the cognitive and neurological mechanisms of source retrieval under different emotional contexts while applying a source memory multiple-task paradigm. Subjects in our experiment were seven men and ten women. In the study phase, participants were asked to study a series of Chinese characters （item） with emotional pictures of three valences （source） appearing as the background of the items. Meanwhile, participants were told to press a button when an animal name was shown. In the test phase, only the Chinese characters were presented. Participants were instructed to press one of four buttons on the response box to indicate whether the word was presented at encoding phase with a neutral background, a positive background, a negative background, or whether it was new. It was found that ERPs were more positive for old items of both successful and unsuccessful source retrieval than new items under all three emotional contexts between 300 and 500 ms after stimulus onset （old/new effect）. The old/new effect of successful source retrieval did not differ from unsuccessful source retrieval under the neutral context, but it was larger for successful source retrieval compared to unsuccessful source retrieval under emotional context （positive and negative）. At 500-650 ms, there were old/new effects for successful source retrieval under all three emotional contexts, and there were no significant differences between unsuccessful source retrieval and new items. Observations gather from similar scalp topographies of successful source retrieval and unsuccessful source retrieval revealed further supporting evidence. Moreover, emotion appeared to have a prominent effect on successful source retrieval during this time window. ERP Amplitudes of items presented with positive context were greater than those of items with negative and neutral context. In addition, results of intracranial source estimation analyses showed different brain regions related to retrieval of negative and neutral context. Our results show that item retrieval and source retrieval are based on two different cognitive processes： familiarity and recollection, respectively. Furthermore, our findings suggest that successful source retrieval and unsuccessful source retrieval may be supported by a common mechanism. Finally, there is evidence to indicate that both item retrieval and source retrieval are influenced by the emotional valence of context. Our results show that item retrieval and source retrieval are based on familiarity and recollection respectively, which are two different cognitive processes. Successful source retrieval and unsuccessful source retrieval might be supported by a common mechanism. It is also indicated that both item retrieval and source retrieval are influenced by the emotional valence of the context.