中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2013年
7期
13~21
,共null页
环境保护 政策执行 农村 “癌症村”
環境保護 政策執行 農村 “癌癥村”
배경보호 정책집행 농촌 “암증촌”
environmental protection; policy exeution; rural areas; cancer village
制定环境保护政策是生态文明建设的重要举措，提高环境保护政策的执行力是加强生态文明建设的关键。目前的挑战是：在生态文明建设的大背景下，如何提高农村环境保护政策的执行效能。近年来，中央政府制定了一系列农村生态环境保护政策，但全国仍有20多个省出现园环境污染导致的“癌症村”。这表明农村环保政策执行不力问题十分突出。本文分析了出现这一问题的原因，认为地方政府对落实农村环保政策重视不够，粗放型经济发展方式惯，眭运作，地方政府绩效考核制度偏差，环保政策执行资源有限农民与污染企业博弈能力不足，以及企业治污成本的外部化等，是其主要原因。提出的主要应对措施包括：进一步提高地方政府官员农村生态环境保护意识。转变农村经济发展方式，建立体现生态文明建设要求的政府绩效考核指标体系，增加环保部门的执行资源，增强农民的博弈能力。改变企业污染的成本收益值。
製定環境保護政策是生態文明建設的重要舉措，提高環境保護政策的執行力是加彊生態文明建設的關鍵。目前的挑戰是：在生態文明建設的大揹景下，如何提高農村環境保護政策的執行效能。近年來，中央政府製定瞭一繫列農村生態環境保護政策，但全國仍有20多箇省齣現園環境汙染導緻的“癌癥村”。這錶明農村環保政策執行不力問題十分突齣。本文分析瞭齣現這一問題的原因，認為地方政府對落實農村環保政策重視不夠，粗放型經濟髮展方式慣，眭運作，地方政府績效攷覈製度偏差，環保政策執行資源有限農民與汙染企業博弈能力不足，以及企業治汙成本的外部化等，是其主要原因。提齣的主要應對措施包括：進一步提高地方政府官員農村生態環境保護意識。轉變農村經濟髮展方式，建立體現生態文明建設要求的政府績效攷覈指標體繫，增加環保部門的執行資源，增彊農民的博弈能力。改變企業汙染的成本收益值。
제정배경보호정책시생태문명건설적중요거조，제고배경보호정책적집행력시가강생태문명건설적관건。목전적도전시：재생태문명건설적대배경하，여하제고농촌배경보호정책적집행효능。근년래，중앙정부제정료일계렬농촌생태배경보호정책，단전국잉유20다개성출현완배경오염도치적“암증촌”。저표명농촌배보정책집행불력문제십분돌출。본문분석료출현저일문제적원인，인위지방정부대락실농촌배보정책중시불구，조방형경제발전방식관，휴운작，지방정부적효고핵제도편차，배보정책집행자원유한농민여오염기업박혁능력불족，이급기업치오성본적외부화등，시기주요원인。제출적주요응대조시포괄：진일보제고지방정부관원농촌생태배경보호의식。전변농촌경제발전방식，건입체현생태문명건설요구적정부적효고핵지표체계，증가배보부문적집행자원，증강농민적박혁능력。개변기업오염적성본수익치。
To develop environmental protection policy 13 an important measure for the construction of ecological civilization and to improve the executive power of the environmental protection policy is also the dey to strengthen the corstruction of ecological civilization. Under the background of bwilding ecological civilization, the challenge now 13 that how to improve the implementation efficiency of rural envivonmental protection policy. In recent years, the central government formulated a series of polices on protecting environment and ecology in rural China, for example ,Several Opinions on Strengthening Rural Ecological Environment Protection Work, Assessment Methods of Main Pollutant Total Emission Reduction, and Notice about Printing and Distributing Comprehensive Working Scheme of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction. Besides, the central government also issued the rural environmental protection policy and implementation plan in the principles of ＂improving governance by awarding＂ and ＂replacing subsidies with awards＂, etc.. However, cancer village caused by environmental pollution appeared in more than 20 provinces in China and this reveals that the poor execution of rural environmental protection policy. The paper holds the views that cancer villages mainly result from following factors： the local governments pay less attention on implementing rural environmental policies, the local governments and enterprises still adopt the extensive mode of economic development, the performance assessment system of governments is inappropriate, executing resources in the implementation of environmental policies are insufficient, peasants have inadequate game ability compared with enterprise, and enterprises externalize its waste treatment cost. The paper puts forwards following measures ： improving environmental awareness of local governments on protecting rural ecological environment, changing the development mode of rural economy, establishing new government performance assessment index with the embodiment of ecological civilization, improving executing resources of environmental protection departments, improving peasants gaming ability and changing cost return value of enterprises to discharge waste.
