CAJ | 학술논문

粮食安全和水安全已成为当前全球最紧迫的问题之一。农作物生产水利用效率（CWUE）较低的国家如何提高其CWUE。减小区域CWUE差异，也成为实现区域协调发展中亟待解决的重要问题。本文结合87个国家1990—2007年的相关数据。基于随机前沿生产函数构建并估计了CWUE模型；在洲间、洲内和全球各国间三维度对CWUE差异进行方差分解，并分析差异及其因素值的变化情况、差异因素的贡献份额及其变化情况；列出各区域内部CWUE较低的国家现时改善CWUE、减小区域CWUE差异时应关注的重要因素，包括该区域（各洲或全球范围）内CWUE差异的最主要贡献因素、波幅较大或波幅不断变大的因素、以及贡献份额波动幅度较大或波幅不断变大的因素；通过情景分析验证了改善最主要贡献因素对减小CWUE差异的效果，展示了在改善最主要贡献因素后各区域为进一步减小CWUE差异应重点关注的因素；最后，本文对提高CWUE的具体措施提出了相关政策建议．包括改善全要素生产率、要素结构相对不合理的国家优化生产要素投入等。
양식안전화수안전이성위당전전구최긴박적문제지일。농작물생산수이용효솔（CWUE）교저적국가여하제고기CWUE。감소구역CWUE차이，야성위실현구역협조발전중극대해결적중요문제。본문결합87개국가1990—2007년적상관수거。기우수궤전연생산함수구건병고계료CWUE모형；재주간、주내화전구각국간삼유도대CWUE차이진행방차분해，병분석차이급기인소치적변화정황、차이인소적공헌빈액급기변화정황；렬출각구역내부CWUE교저적국가현시개선CWUE、감소구역CWUE차이시응관주적중요인소，포괄해구역（각주혹전구범위）내CWUE차이적최주요공헌인소、파폭교대혹파폭불단변대적인소、이급공헌빈액파동폭도교대혹파폭불단변대적인소；통과정경분석험증료개선최주요공헌인소대감소CWUE차이적효과，전시료재개선최주요공헌인소후각구역위진일보감소CWUE차이응중점관주적인소；최후，본문대제고CWUE적구체조시제출료상관정책건의．포괄개선전요소생산솔、요소결구상대불합리적국가우화생산요소투입등。
Food and water safety have become urgent global concerns in recent years. It is especially important to raise the efficiency levels of countries with low water use efficiency of crop production （ CWUE）, and to reduce regional CWUE variation through the promotion of coordinated development. Using UN and FAOSTAT data from 87 countries, spanning the years 1990 - 2007, this paper developed and estimated the CWUE model based on the Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Variance decomposition analysis of the global CWUE variation was conducted for inter-continent, intra-continent and international levels. Two parts were analyzed, which were firstly changes of both the CWUE variation and each contributing variation factor, and secondly the specific factor contributions and their respective variations. After that, this paper also listed key factors on which countries with low CWUE should focus, in order to improve CWUE and reduce the regional variation. These key factors include those fluctuating greatly or increasingly, or factors of which the contribution rate is large or fluctuates greatly or increasingly in the region. Scenario analysis was employed to prove the effectiveness of improving the most important factor of CWUE variation, and pointed out some new key factors in the future after we realized the improvement as mentioned in the scenarios. Lastly we put forward some specific policy suggestions on implementing higher CWUE, including improving the total factor productivity, and optimizing the factor investment in the crop production for those countries with relatively inefficient factor structure.