CAJ | 학술논문

20世纪中后期以来，国家研究被重新确立为社会科学研究的核心，社会转型与国家建设研究得到了深入和系统的发展，并对各个相关领域产生了深远影响。本文围绕“国家为何”，“国家何为”以及“国家何以为”三方面的问题梳理已有文献。在关于“国家为何”的研究中存在着历史制度主义、理性选择、新马克思主义以及社会中的国家四种研究路径；在关于“国家何为”的文献中，围绕国家在社会转型中应该以及实际扮演的角色，研究者日益开始注意到转型中国国家与社会的复杂关系，抛弃国家与社会的二元，形成了市民社会研究、农村选举政治研究以及发展型国家研究三个成果颇丰的研究领域。在“国家何以为”的文献中，“国家能力”以及“国家基础权力”的研究强调国家能力相对于国家政权类型的独立性，在此基础上，研究者进一步对基于欧洲经验的理论分析进行了反思和批判。进而，针对中国政治的有关研究大致上形成了三个新的发展方向，包括当代中国国家制度变迁的研究、国家与社会转型国家的研究以及国家政权建设的研究。
20세기중후기이래，국가연구피중신학립위사회과학연구적핵심，사회전형여국가건설연구득도료심입화계통적발전，병대각개상관영역산생료심원영향。본문위요“국가위하”，“국가하위”이급“국가하이위”삼방면적문제소리이유문헌。재관우“국가위하”적연구중존재착역사제도주의、이성선택、신마극사주의이급사회중적국가사충연구로경；재관우“국가하위”적문헌중，위요국가재사회전형중응해이급실제분연적각색，연구자일익개시주의도전형중국국가여사회적복잡관계，포기국가여사회적이원，형성료시민사회연구、농촌선거정치연구이급발전형국가연구삼개성과파봉적연구영역。재“국가하이위”적문헌중，“국가능력”이급“국가기출권력”적연구강조국가능력상대우국가정권류형적독립성，재차기출상，연구자진일보대기우구주경험적이론분석진행료반사화비판。진이，침대중국정치적유관연구대치상형성료삼개신적발전방향，포괄당대중국국가제도변천적연구、국가여사회전형국가적연구이급국가정권건설적연구。
The thesis made a literature reviewed on three questions, that is, what is the state, what is the state to do, and how does the state to do. There are four perspectives in the literature on ＂what the state is＂, including historical institutionalism, rational choice, new Marxism and the ＂state in society＂ perspective. In the literature on ＂what the state is to do＂, by penetrating into the role the state should play and actually play in the process of social transformation, more and more attention was paid to the complicated relationship between the state and society and the dichotomy was given up, which result in four fruitful research field including the studies on civil society, rural China election and developing state. In the literature on how the state is to do, the studies on the state capacity and the state infrastructure power placed great emphasis on the state capacity＇s independence of the regime type. Based on these literatures, the thesis summarized three research directions in China state studies, that is, the study on the state institution change, the relationship between the state and social transformation and the state building.