CAJ | 학술논문

参与洋务运动的阵营虽然庞杂，但大体可分为洋务派官僚和中国早期资产阶级改良派。洋务派官僚并不是真正的“实业救国”论者，因为他们所兴办的各种新式企业不是近代资本主义企业，他们所要挽救的不是近代意义上的民族国家，而只是摇摇欲坠的清王朝。中国早期资产阶级改良派不仅在经济上要求自由地发展民族资本主义经济，提倡与西方列强进行“商战”，而且还在政治上推崇西方的民主制度，他们才是近代中国“实业救国”思想的真正首倡者。
삼여양무운동적진영수연방잡，단대체가분위양무파관료화중국조기자산계급개량파。양무파관료병불시진정적“실업구국”론자，인위타문소흥판적각충신식기업불시근대자본주의기업，타문소요만구적불시근대의의상적민족국가，이지시요요욕추적청왕조。중국조기자산계급개량파불부재경제상요구자유지발전민족자본주의경제，제창여서방렬강진행“상전”，이차환재정치상추숭서방적민주제도，타문재시근대중국“실업구국”사상적진정수창자。
Although the group who has participated in the Westernization Movement is huge and complicated, it may be roughly divided into the bureaucrats of the Westernization Faction and the early bourgeois reformists of China. The former is not really the teleologist of ＂the thoughts of saving the nation with industry＂ because the modern enterprises that they established have no modem capitalist properties, and ＂the country＂ that they wanted to save is only the ramshackle Qing Dynasty rather than the democratic nation. The latter is the real advocates of ＂the thoughts of the salvation of the nation with industry＂ because they not only economically demand the free development of the capitalist economy and advocate ＂commercial war＂ with the powerful country in the West to save the nation from peril, but also politically respect western democratic system.