CAJ | 학술논문

国际学术界关于创业和创业政策的已有研究大体上可以归纳为特质论、组织论、资源论和机会论四个基本视角。机会论视角的创业理论集中反映了学术界对创业本质认识的拓展与深化,并为创业政策的研究与完善奠定了理论基础。以＂机会论＂为基础且能够形成理论模型的创业政策理论模型主要有：内亚威利和福格尔的创业发展环境理论（G＆F模型）,全球创业观察的经济增长理论（GEM模型）,以及史蒂文森和伦德斯特罗姆的MOS理论（MOS模型）。通过从十二个方面对这三个理论模型的内涵、研究方法以及研究角度的综合比较,可以发现GEM模型和MOS模型不仅在理论体系上比较成熟,而且在实践指导上比较实用,特别是二者在研究角度上还可以达成互补。GEM模型和MOS模型对于我国各级政府如何科学系统地制定、实施和评估创业政策具有直接的启示价值。
국제학술계관우창업화창업정책적이유연구대체상가이귀납위특질론、조직론、자원론화궤회론사개기본시각。궤회론시각적창업이론집중반영료학술계대창업본질인식적탁전여심화,병위창업정책적연구여완선전정료이론기출。이＂궤회론＂위기출차능구형성이론모형적창업정책이론모형주요유：내아위리화복격이적창업발전배경이론（G＆F모형）,전구창업관찰적경제증장이론（GEM모형）,이급사체문삼화륜덕사특라모적MOS이론（MOS모형）。통과종십이개방면대저삼개이론모형적내함、연구방법이급연구각도적종합비교,가이발현GEM모형화MOS모형불부재이론체계상비교성숙,이차재실천지도상비교실용,특별시이자재연구각도상환가이체성호보。GEM모형화MOS모형대우아국각급정부여하과학계통지제정、실시화평고창업정책구유직접적계시개치。
Existing researches on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship policies by international scholars can be generally categorized into four basic perspectives,namely,personality trait,organization,resources,and opportunities.Among them,entrepreneurship theories developed on the ＂Opportunity Perspective＂ reflect the expanding and deepening cognition of the nature of entrepreneurship and lays a theoretical foundation for further researches and improvement of entrepreneurship policies.The theoretical models in entrepreneurship policies based on the ＂Opportunity Perspective＂ are： the theory on entrepreneurship development environment（GF Model） formulated by Gnyawali and Fogel,the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor（GEM） model,and the MOS model of Stevenson and Lundstrom.The content,research approaches and research perspectives of the three theories are compared from 12 respects.The comparison shows that the GEM and MOS models are more mature theoretic systems and offer pragmatic guidance.Particularly,the two are found to be complementary in their research perspectives.These two theories can be directly useful to different levels of China’s governments in systematically formulating,implementing and evaluating entrepreneurship policies.