CAJ | 학술논문

农地冲突是当前我国农村经济发展和城镇化进程中的普遍问题。在一些地方相当突出。严重影响了农村的社会稳定和经济发展，探讨农地冲突的原因有助于化解农村矛盾及构建和谐繁荣的农村社区。本文利用笔者在湖北和湖南两省收集到的数据，应用Logit概率模型实证分析了农地分配制度、非农就业收入及其差距和人力资本等可能引起农地冲突的因素的影响。与通常的看法不同，本文并没有发现农地分配制度是农地冲突的显著诱因，原因可能在于我国的农地在改革初期是按人口或劳动力平均分配的，其后的调整大多也是经农民自主协商按照市场规则完成的，并没有引起农民的明显不满。因而也就没有成为农地冲突的诱因。本文的研究结果还表明，非农就业收入、非农就业收入差距和家庭人力资本对农地冲突的影响显著，非农就业收入越低，其差距越小，家庭人力资本越多，农地冲突发生的概率越大，是农地冲突的主要诱因。这表明非农就业收入越少，农民通过非农就业增加家庭收入的隧道效应越弱。对农业收入的依赖性越大，农地就越重要。农地冲突越容易发生；家庭男性成员越多，家庭社会地位越高，在打架斗殴和上访诉讼中越占优势，农地冲突也越容易爆发。因此，为了减少农地冲突，应采取切实措施，促进农村劳动力向非农部门转移，加强农村法制建设，限制丛林行为。
농지충돌시당전아국농촌경제발전화성진화진정중적보편문제。재일사지방상당돌출。엄중영향료농촌적사회은정화경제발전，탐토농지충돌적원인유조우화해농촌모순급구건화해번영적농촌사구。본문이용필자재호북화호남량성수집도적수거，응용Logit개솔모형실증분석료농지분배제도、비농취업수입급기차거화인력자본등가능인기농지충돌적인소적영향。여통상적간법불동，본문병몰유발현농지분배제도시농지충돌적현저유인，원인가능재우아국적농지재개혁초기시안인구혹노동력평균분배적，기후적조정대다야시경농민자주협상안조시장규칙완성적，병몰유인기농민적명현불만。인이야취몰유성위농지충돌적유인。본문적연구결과환표명，비농취업수입、비농취업수입차거화가정인력자본대농지충돌적영향현저，비농취업수입월저，기차거월소，가정인력자본월다，농지충돌발생적개솔월대，시농지충돌적주요유인。저표명비농취업수입월소，농민통과비농취업증가가정수입적수도효응월약。대농업수입적의뢰성월대，농지취월중요。농지충돌월용역발생；가정남성성원월다，가정사회지위월고，재타가두구화상방소송중월점우세，농지충돌야월용역폭발。인차，위료감소농지충돌，응채취절실조시，촉진농촌노동력향비농부문전이，가강농촌법제건설，한제총림행위。
Farmland conflict has become a common problem in China currently in the course of rural economic development and urbanization, and it is extremely intense in some places. Farmland conflict has seriously affected the social stability and economic development of rural areas, so the cause exploration of farmland conflict will be conducive to resolving the conflict and constructing the harmonious and prosperous rural community. This paper makes an empirical analysis of influence of factors that may cause farmland conflict such as farmland allocation system, non-agricultural employment income, non-agricultural employment income disparity and human capital by using Logit probability model and the data collected in Hubei and Hunan provinces. One of the analysis results is that the farmland allocation system doesn＇ t affect farmland conflict significantly, which is different from the conventional view. The reason may be that in the early reform era in China, farmland was averagely allocated according to the population or labor force, and its adjustments later on were mostly completed independently by farmers through consultations according to market rules, which thus does not cause the farmers＇ obviousdiscomfort and farmland conflict. The analysis also shows that factors such as non-agricultural employment income, non-agricultural employment income disparity and household human capital have statistically significant effects on farmland conflict. The lower the non-agricultural employment income, or the smaller the non-aaricuhural emolovment income disnarity, or the richer the housahold human canital the greater the probability of farmland conflict happens. It shows that if the non-agricultural employment income is lower, thetunneling effects of income increase through non-agricultural employment will be weaker, the farmers＇ reliance on agricultural income will be greater, the farmland will be more important to farmers, thus the farmland conflict will be more likely to happen. If a family have more male members, the family＇ s social status will be higher, they will have more advantage in fighting and petitioning, thus the farmland conflict is more likely to happen. Therefore, in order to reduce the farmland conflict, effective measures should be adopted to promote the transfer of rural labor to non-agricultural industries and to strengthen the legal system building and restrict the jungle behavior in ruralareas.