西亚非洲
西亞非洲
서아비주
West Asia and Africa
2013年
4期
19~34
,共null页
民族关系 民族治理 埃塞俄比亚 非洲
民族關繫 民族治理 埃塞俄比亞 非洲
민족관계 민족치리 애새아비아 비주
Ethnic Relations ; Ethnic Governance ; Ethiopia; Africa
内容提要民族关系和民族治理模式是影响世界多民族国家稳定和发展的重要因素。埃塞俄比亚民族众多，民族关系错综复杂，在非洲国家中具有相当的典型性。历史上，埃塞民族摩擦和冲突频繁。现阶段，该国民族关系整体上较为平稳和谐，各民族在经济发展利益方面的诉求和竞争成为民族关系的最主要问题。埃塞的民族治理方式亦经历了复杂的历史演变过程：从帝制时代的“专制同化”，到军政府时期的“民族识别”和“民族区域自治”，再到梅莱斯时代的“民族联邦制”，当前则处于“后梅莱斯时代”各种复杂“变因”交互作用的关键时期。整体来看，埃塞政府在民族治理理念和政策方面的变革是进步性的——逐渐由狭隘、反动和落后走向宽容、积极和进步。尤其是现行的“民族联邦制”，在民族差异化发展、实行民族分权与如何有效控制与防止分离主义挑战方面，极富参考借鉴价值。透过埃塞民族个案，我们应重新审视非洲民族研究的重要价值，客观看待与国际学术界存在的差异与差距，努力探索非洲民族研究的“中国范式”。
內容提要民族關繫和民族治理模式是影響世界多民族國傢穩定和髮展的重要因素。埃塞俄比亞民族衆多，民族關繫錯綜複雜，在非洲國傢中具有相噹的典型性。歷史上，埃塞民族摩抆和遲突頻繁。現階段，該國民族關繫整體上較為平穩和諧，各民族在經濟髮展利益方麵的訴求和競爭成為民族關繫的最主要問題。埃塞的民族治理方式亦經歷瞭複雜的歷史縯變過程：從帝製時代的“專製同化”，到軍政府時期的“民族識彆”和“民族區域自治”，再到梅萊斯時代的“民族聯邦製”，噹前則處于“後梅萊斯時代”各種複雜“變因”交互作用的關鍵時期。整體來看，埃塞政府在民族治理理唸和政策方麵的變革是進步性的——逐漸由狹隘、反動和落後走嚮寬容、積極和進步。尤其是現行的“民族聯邦製”，在民族差異化髮展、實行民族分權與如何有效控製與防止分離主義挑戰方麵，極富參攷藉鑒價值。透過埃塞民族箇案，我們應重新審視非洲民族研究的重要價值，客觀看待與國際學術界存在的差異與差距，努力探索非洲民族研究的“中國範式”。
내용제요민족관계화민족치리모식시영향세계다민족국가은정화발전적중요인소。애새아비아민족음다，민족관계착종복잡，재비주국가중구유상당적전형성。역사상，애새민족마찰화충돌빈번。현계단，해국민족관계정체상교위평은화해，각민족재경제발전이익방면적소구화경쟁성위민족관계적최주요문제。애새적민족치리방식역경력료복잡적역사연변과정：종제제시대적“전제동화”，도군정부시기적“민족식별”화“민족구역자치”，재도매래사시대적“민족련방제”，당전칙처우“후매래사시대”각충복잡“변인”교호작용적관건시기。정체래간，애새정부재민족치리이념화정책방면적변혁시진보성적——축점유협애、반동화락후주향관용、적겁화진보。우기시현행적“민족련방제”，재민족차이화발전、실행민족분권여여하유효공제여방지분리주의도전방면，겁부삼고차감개치。투과애새민족개안，아문응중신심시비주민족연구적중요개치，객관간대여국제학술계존재적차이여차거，노력탐색비주민족연구적“중국범식”。
Ethnic relations and ethnic governance mode are crucial to the sta- bility and development of multi - ethnic countries all over the world. Ethiopia, with its multi- ethnicities, complex ethnic relations as well as ethnic frictions and con- flicts in history, typically features African ethnicity. Within such a context, Ethiopia underwent different ethnic governance experiences ranging from hegemonic assimila- tion in the imperial era to period, and then to the ethnic identification and regional autonomy during the Derg ethnic federalism implemented by the Meles administra- But now Ethiopia in post - Meles era encounters so many complicated cause var- iations that may interactively affect the continuity of the current ethnic policy. To a large extent, Ethiopian ethnic governance concept and policy transformation are pro- gressive, that is, gradually eliminating biased partiality and hosting tolerance and constructiveness. In particular, the current ethnic federalism is of great significance to deal with challenges from ethnic differentiated development, ethnic decentraliza- tion and control and prevention of separatist. As a whole, with analysis of Ethiopian ethnicities, we need to objectively reflect on the gap of China＇ s African ethnic studies against those of the international academia, and try to explore a new kind of ＂Chinese paradigm＂ of studying African ethnic issues. Conducting fieldwork and eth- nographic studies in Africa with a reference to China＇ s experience of ethnic studies will significantly strengthen China - Africa friendship and cooperation from cultural perspective.
