法律科学：西北政法学院学报
法律科學：西北政法學院學報
법률과학：서북정법학원학보
Science of Law
2013年
4期
15~21
,共null页
先秦 法家 价值体系
先秦 法傢 價值體繫
선진 법가 개치체계
the Spring and Autumn Period; the Legalism; value system
法家的政治理论,包括法、术、势三大方面。商鞅重＂法＂,申不害重＂术＂,慎到重＂势＂,韩非作了批判总结,提出了君、势、法、术相结合的系统理论。势,指君主的权势、权力;法,指由君主统一公布施行的法律、法令;术,指君主的统治术。三者虽有各自相对独立的价值,但＂皆帝王之具也＂,都是君主权力的表现,也是维护君主权力的工具。在法家的价值体系中,＂君主＂是＂神圣＂的化身,＂权势＂是＂胜众＂的资本,＂法制＂是治世的法宝,＂术数＂是御臣的工具。君主处于最高的价值层次,居于主体地位,而作为＂帝王之具＂的势、法、术则属于较低的价值层次。或者说,君主是＂目的性＂价值,势、法、术是＂工具性＂价值。法家价值体系的逻辑结构为：君←势（权）←法←术。
法傢的政治理論,包括法、術、勢三大方麵。商鞅重＂法＂,申不害重＂術＂,慎到重＂勢＂,韓非作瞭批判總結,提齣瞭君、勢、法、術相結閤的繫統理論。勢,指君主的權勢、權力;法,指由君主統一公佈施行的法律、法令;術,指君主的統治術。三者雖有各自相對獨立的價值,但＂皆帝王之具也＂,都是君主權力的錶現,也是維護君主權力的工具。在法傢的價值體繫中,＂君主＂是＂神聖＂的化身,＂權勢＂是＂勝衆＂的資本,＂法製＂是治世的法寶,＂術數＂是禦臣的工具。君主處于最高的價值層次,居于主體地位,而作為＂帝王之具＂的勢、法、術則屬于較低的價值層次。或者說,君主是＂目的性＂價值,勢、法、術是＂工具性＂價值。法傢價值體繫的邏輯結構為：君←勢（權）←法←術。
법가적정치이론,포괄법、술、세삼대방면。상앙중＂법＂,신불해중＂술＂,신도중＂세＂,한비작료비판총결,제출료군、세、법、술상결합적계통이론。세,지군주적권세、권력;법,지유군주통일공포시행적법률、법령;술,지군주적통치술。삼자수유각자상대독립적개치,단＂개제왕지구야＂,도시군주권력적표현,야시유호군주권력적공구。재법가적개치체계중,＂군주＂시＂신골＂적화신,＂권세＂시＂성음＂적자본,＂법제＂시치세적법보,＂술수＂시어신적공구。군주처우최고적개치층차,거우주체지위,이작위＂제왕지구＂적세、법、술칙속우교저적개치층차。혹자설,군주시＂목적성＂개치,세、법、술시＂공구성＂개치。법가개치체계적라집결구위：군←세（권）←법←술。
As one of the most important sects in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Legalists advocated a series of the- ories consisted of three significant principles such as law, statecraft and power. Shang Yang stressed law, while Shen Buhai valued statecraft and Shen Dao emphasized power. However, Han Feizi combined critically the three and formed the system of Legalism including the monarch, law, statecraft and power. ＂Law＂ here implies strict and uniform enforcement of estab- lished laws through heavy punishment and generous rewards. ＂Statecraft＂ means the skill or technique and wisdom of the ruler in managing public affairs. ＂Power＂ refers to the highest position and authority of the ruler to issue order and to make others obey. The three are ＂all means of the monarch＂ which represent and defend the sovereign power, although they have respective and particular value. Therefore, in the value system of Legalism, the ＂monarch＂ is the incarnation of ＂sacred- ness＂ and ＂power＂ means position and authority to overcome the people, as well as ＂law＂ refers to a magic key to govern the society and ＂statecraft＂ implies means to rule officials, occupies a dominant position which sits on the highest value level, nevertheless, law, statecraft and power which act as ＂means of the monarch＂ lie on lower levels. In other words, The monarch is the value with purposiveness, but law, statecraft and power are values with instrumentality. In this way, the logical structure of the Legalist value system is as follow, the monarch ~-- power ~-- law ~-- statecraft.
