CAJ | 학술논문

注视位置效应指在阅读过程中,读者的眼跳往往定位于一个单词的特定位置。文章对不同文字阅读中注视位置效应的最新进展进行综述,主要包括：（1）阅读拼音文字（如英文等）、日文时的注视位置效应,特别是词长、词间空格、词频和预测性、读者年龄对该效应的影响;（2）阅读中文时的注视位置效应,对该效应的存在性以及不同因素（如汉字大小和结构、词间空格等）的作用进行评述。最后,指出未来研究尚需解决的几个问题。
주시위치효응지재열독과정중,독자적안도왕왕정위우일개단사적특정위치。문장대불동문자열독중주시위치효응적최신진전진행종술,주요포괄：（1）열독병음문자（여영문등）、일문시적주시위치효응,특별시사장、사간공격、사빈화예측성、독자년령대해효응적영향;（2）열독중문시적주시위치효응,대해효응적존재성이급불동인소（여한자대소화결구、사간공격등）적작용진행평술。최후,지출미래연구상수해결적궤개문제。
It is well known that our eyes move to different locations in text reading to obtain the useful information for comprehension. The basic oculomotor events are composed of successive fixations and saccades. However,all the eye-movement behaviors are based on two types of decisions： when to move the eyes and where to move next. A large number of studies have demonstrated that the ＂when＂decision is largely driven by lexical properties of words. But there is typically no correlation between how long the eyes remain fixated and how far they move. Therefore,findings from when to move the eyes cannot be directly extended to where to move next. The aim of this research is to review the advances in terms of where to move the eyes,which is one of the basic issues of eye movement control in reading. Some evidence in reading of alphabetic languages has suggested that the ＂where＂decision is generally to be made based on word,selecting a word as the next saccade target. The most cited finding for supporting word-based eye guidance is the observation of the ＂preferred viewing location （PVL）＂effect,which can be seen when one plots the distribution of initial landing positions in a word. Researchers found that the eyes most often land at a position slightly to the left of the center of words. In contrast to the PVL,the optimal viewing position （OVP） represents the location in a word at which recognition time is minimized. A number of researchers have been endeavoring to explain the landing position effect by constructing computational models of eye movement control during reading. In the present paper,advances in the landing position effect research were reviewed during reading of different languages, including whether this effect was influenced by word length,inter-word spacing,frequency and predictability and the age in reading of alphabetic and other writing systems （such as Thai and Japanese） . And then advances in Chinese reading research were further reviewed,including whether the effect existed or not and whether it was influenced by word length,inter-word spaces,size and structure of Chinese character. Finally,future directions on this topic were discussed.