CAJ | 학술논문

采用事件分割范式探讨了时间维度在记叙文理解中的作用。结果发现,当时间转换标识事件转换,读者更多将时间短语所在位置作为分割边界;当时间转换不标识事件转换,读者更多按事件单元转换进行分割,而且事件转换强于时间转换,同时时间短语仍对文本分割有一定影响。上述结果表明,事件单元作为建构记叙文心理表征的核心单元,时间维度作为事件单元转换的线索,只有在标识事件转换的情况下,才能引发读者情景模型的更新。
채용사건분할범식탐토료시간유도재기서문리해중적작용。결과발현,당시간전환표식사건전환,독자경다장시간단어소재위치작위분할변계;당시간전환불표식사건전환,독자경다안사건단원전환진행분할,이차사건전환강우시간전환,동시시간단어잉대문본분할유일정영향。상술결과표명,사건단원작위건구기서문심리표정적핵심단원,시간유도작위사건단원전환적선색,지유재표식사건전환적정황하,재능인발독자정경모형적경신。
The situational model is one of the hottest issues in research on discourse comprehension. At present,it is widely agreed that narrative comprehension involves setting up a mental representation of the states of affairs described by the text. According to the event-indexing model,which accounts for situational model in details,events are the core units of the mental representation,and they are indexed on five situational dimensions： time,space,protagonist,causality,and intentionality. Time is an important dimension for constructing the situational model,and a number of previous studies demonstrated that readers tracked time information while reading texts. Some of them provided indirect evidence supporting that readers segmented the consecutive narrative by time into a series of discrete events in order to understand it. Speer and Zacks （2005） directly proved it with an explicit event segmentation paradigm. Specifically,participants were asked to segment the points where they believed that one meaningful unit ended and another began while they read some narrative texts describing everyday events. Their experiment results suggested that participants segmented event boundaries based on time adverbials. However,carefully analyzing with their experimental materials,we found that their demonstration failed to distinguish between event factor and time factor,because a new event appeared at the object-time sentence. According to the event-indexing model and event segmentation theory,the whole event unit played an original role in situation updating. Given the above consideration,in the present study,the event segmentation paradigm was adopted to investigate event segmentation in narrative comprehension in Chinese narrative comprehension in three experiments. Participants were required to segment each narrative no less than three times. Moreover,they were required to list a title to each narrative in order to make sure that they were reading carefully. Experiment1 was to repeat Speer and Zacks＇ research results in 2005 in Chinese. Experiment 2 was to explore how readers segmented narratives without temporal adverbials. Experiment 3 further explored how readers segmented narratives in the condition of dissociating the time factor and the whole event unit,namely inserting temporal adverbials into the whole event unit. The results in Experiment1 showed that participants were more likely to segment them according to temporal adverbials. Further-more,participants preferred segmenting them before disconnected temporal adverbials（＂an hour later＂） to before connected temporal adverbials （＂a moment later＂） ,which repeated the results of Speer and Zacks in 2005. However,the results in Experiment 2 showed that the participants more frequently segmented them according to the whole event unit,indicating that they mainly segmented the narratives according to the whole event unit. More importantly,the results in Experiment 3a revealed that readers remained more prone to segmenting them according to the whole event unit,and there were not significant differences between disconnected and connected temporal adverbials. The results in Experiment 3b further replicated the results in Experiment 3a. Taken together with Experiment 3a and 3b,the results showed the temporal adverbials also facilitated readers＇ event segmentation to some extent. The present findings indicate that the whole event units are the core units of the mental representation constructed for a narrative; time shifts lead to situation model shift only in the condition of the time-indexed event shifts.