心理科学
心理科學
심이과학
Psychological Science
2013年
4期
810~815
,共null页
自上而下的调节 任务规则 自动反应激活 掩蔽启动 认知
自上而下的調節 任務規則 自動反應激活 掩蔽啟動 認知
자상이하적조절 임무규칙 자동반응격활 엄폐계동 인지
task; automatic processing; automatic response activation; masked priming; cognition
本研究致力于探讨自上而下的任务因素对自动反应激活过程的影响。研究包含两个实验,采用掩蔽启动的范式,选取数字和字母作为刺激,任务因素为与当前任务无关的处于预备状态的任务规则。实验一初步验证了与当前无关的处于预备状态的任务规则可以影响自动反应激活过程;实验二进一步证明了这种影响具有广泛性,即与当前无关的任务规则所设定的所有刺激系列都可以影响当前任务中的反应启动过程。
本研究緻力于探討自上而下的任務因素對自動反應激活過程的影響。研究包含兩箇實驗,採用掩蔽啟動的範式,選取數字和字母作為刺激,任務因素為與噹前任務無關的處于預備狀態的任務規則。實驗一初步驗證瞭與噹前無關的處于預備狀態的任務規則可以影響自動反應激活過程;實驗二進一步證明瞭這種影響具有廣汎性,即與噹前無關的任務規則所設定的所有刺激繫列都可以影響噹前任務中的反應啟動過程。
본연구치력우탐토자상이하적임무인소대자동반응격활과정적영향。연구포함량개실험,채용엄폐계동적범식,선취수자화자모작위자격,임무인소위여당전임무무관적처우예비상태적임무규칙。실험일초보험증료여당전무관적처우예비상태적임무규칙가이영향자동반응격활과정;실험이진일보증명료저충영향구유엄범성,즉여당전무관적임무규칙소설정적소유자격계렬도가이영향당전임무중적반응계동과정。
In classical theory,automatic processing is defined as a process that needs little attention or cognitive resources. But recent findings questioned this theory: maybe the automatic processing is also modulated by top-down factors. Top-down modulation is the function of our brain to modulate and select task-related information and allocate our attention toit,which contains task factors,etc. Our study aimed to find out whether the task factor could modulate automatic response activation or not. The task factor is the operation rule which is task-unrelated but requires preparation. In both two experiments the masked priming paradigm was used. The subjects were asked to perform number decision tasks and letter decision tasks. The number decision tasks instructed the subjects to decide whether the present number was bigger than five or smaller than five. The letter decision tasks instructed the subjects to decide whether the present letter was a vowel or a consonant. Before the letter or number were presented,instruction was given informing the subjects to perform a task,followed by a masked prime which is task-unrelated. The masks were three of the following symbols arranged randomly in different orders (#,% ,?,,$ ,) . Experiment1 was to discuss if the task-unrelated but preparation-required rule could modulate automatic response activation by 30 undergraduate students' data. Numbers and letters were used as stimuli (2,3,7,8 ; A,E,G,H) . Experiment 2 was to discuss if all the stimuli defined by the task-unrelated rule modulated automatic response activation by 31 undergraduate students' data. The masked primes were1,4,6, 9; B,F,I,U; the targets were 2,3,7,8 ; A,E,G,H. We used repeated-measures analysis of variance as the statistical method. The experiment was a 2 (task factor: task switched task repeated) × 2 (within trial response: compatible incompatible) × 2 (between trials response: compatible incompatible) design. The main result of Experiment1 was that the main effect of within trial response was significant,F(1,29) = 24. 360,p . 001,M compatible = 497ms,SD = 55ms,M incompatible = 510ms,SD = 55ms. The main result of Experiment 2 showed that in the task repeated condition,in trials whose responses were compatible with previous ones,the main effect of within trial response was significant,F(1,30) = 7. 378,p . 05,M compatible = 496ms,SD = 67ms,M incompatible = 505ms,SD = 67ms. The conclusion is that automatic response activation can be modulated by top-down task factor.