CAJ | 학술논문

为了探讨外来务工女性群体刻板印象威胁的应对策略和认同管理,从TJ市WX社区通过滚雪球抽样方法选取124名外来务工女性作为被试,采用问卷调查的形式,测查了外来务工女性群体刻板印象应对策略和认同管理模式,尤其考察了认同基线水平、认同融合、否定策略和榜样策略对于应对和认同管理的有效性。结果表明：（1）外来务工女性群体具有双重认同趋势;具有较高城市认同融合的外来务工女性群体具有显著的认同维护倾向;（2）不同印象管理水平的外来务工女性对否定策略的使用差异性很小,反而是刻板印象威胁的长期性和暴露性是引发否定策略的重要因素;（3）角色榜样成功的应得性对外来务工女性城市认同感的提高具有积极效应。
위료탐토외래무공녀성군체각판인상위협적응대책략화인동관리,종TJ시WX사구통과곤설구추양방법선취124명외래무공녀성작위피시,채용문권조사적형식,측사료외래무공녀성군체각판인상응대책략화인동관리모식,우기고찰료인동기선수평、인동융합、부정책략화방양책략대우응대화인동관리적유효성。결과표명：（1）외래무공녀성군체구유쌍중인동추세;구유교고성시인동융합적외래무공녀성군체구유현저적인동유호경향;（2）불동인상관리수평적외래무공녀성대부정책략적사용차이성흔소,반이시각판인상위협적장기성화폭로성시인발부정책략적중요인소;（3）각색방양성공적응득성대외래무공녀성성시인동감적제고구유적겁효응。
The stereotype threat has become one of the most widely studied topics in the past decade in social psychology. The concept of stereotype threat is a situational predicament where individuals are at risk,by dint of their actions or behaviors,of confirming negative stereotypes about their groups. It is the resulting sense that one might be judged or treated in terms of a negative stereotype. In 2003, Steele and Aronson＇s seminal article on the subject was named a modern classic. Since the publication of Steele and Aronson＇s article, many articles have followed and documented the generalizability of the stereotype threat effect to a broad array of groups and domains of activity. Studies have observed the effect of stereotype threat on performance. In fact,very few studies have gone beyond performance to examine some of the other important consequences of stereotype threat. Our research has recognized this omission and started addressing it. The term ＂rural-to-urban migrants＂in the Chinese context refers to farmers-turned-workers who used to be farmers but have now left the countryside to find jobs or a better life in the cities. Although the migrants play an indispensable role in the economic growth in China,they are frequently portrayed negatively by citizens. The migrants also face challenges in relation to attitudes of indigenous urban-dwellers. Rural-to-urban migrants often perceive or experience much discrimination because of their socioeconomic status,language and ethnicity. The general aim of our research was to investigate the effects and coping strategies of stereotype threat of rural-to-urban female migrants. In this study,we selected Tianjin,a major city located in the northeast China,as our study site. The sample consisted of124 rural-to-urban female migrants recruited using a snowballing technique. The present research,consisting of four co-relational studies, investigated the coping strategies and identity management of stereotype threat of rural-to-urban female migrants. Study1 began with the measure of identity fusion to explore Chinese female rural-to-urban participants＇ city identity and country identity. The results indicated that female participants＇ city identity was significantly lower the identity of rural in baseline. Study 2 used the measure of stereotype threat and measure of impression management to test coping strategies and identity management. It showed when facing the stereotype threat of city identity,the city identity of participants who had high impression management had no significant improvement,but the rural identity had a significant decline,otherwise both of them are not significant in low impression management. In Study 3,we used the measure of extreme behavior. The results found that participants of high city identity had more city identifying behaviors than low city identity participants. Years of working in the cities and income influenced their city identity. And in Study 4, the measure of role model was adopted. The results showed that the city identity of the participants who receive deserving role model subscale improved significantly,and had a significant decline of their rural identity. Therefore,the results suggest that female migrant workers tend to use negative coping strategies to cope with city identity stereotype threat,and have a reasonable expectation of their self-identity when facing different types of role model.