CAJ | 학술논문

个体在自我控制的同时,要为每次控制付出代价,产生自我损耗,导致随后控制失败。本文回顾了双任务范式中诱发、测量、克服自我损耗的方法,认为未来研究应探索任务的有效性,多采用三任务范式,同时关注短期克服损耗和提高整体控制能力的方法
개체재자아공제적동시,요위매차공제부출대개,산생자아손모,도치수후공제실패。본문회고료쌍임무범식중유발、측량、극복자아손모적방법,인위미래연구응탐색임무적유효성,다채용삼임무범식,동시관주단기극복손모화제고정체공제능력적방법
When it comes to individual success,good self-control is one important factor that cannot be neglected. In the self-control process,however,people always have to pay for every act resulting in ego-depletion. And this may lead to the failure in self-control later. The ego-depletion can be well illustrated by the self-control strength model,which postulates that the resources of self are limited. If it is used in one task,other resources of self control will decrease. Consequently people may not be able to reach the standard of established self-control performance,which then may lead to self-depletion and result in control failurelater. Researchers usually used the dual-task paradigm. Researchers randomly assigned participants into adepletion or non-depletion group （or a high-depletion or low-depletion group） . The participants were asked to complete two sequential tasks： task1 （depletion task） and task 2 （performance task） . In the first task,the self-depletion occurred. After they finished the first task,the measurement of the second task closely followed. It turned out that out of the self-resource consumption in the former task,participants of the depletion group behaved poorly in the later task. The depletion task and performance task normally take different forms in order to assemble the effect in general. In this article,we draw a review on the methods of ego-depletion,including inducing,measuring and overcoming in the dual-task paradigm. The inducing part includes inhibiting desire,regulating emotions,thought suppression,attention control and so on. The ego-depletion measuring includes physical stamina tasks,problem-solving tasks,concentration and vigilance-type tasks and so on. Moreover,on the methods of overcoming ego-depletion,we discuss four points：1） increasing the individuals＇ overall self-control ability,2） restoring individuals＇ energy of self-control,3） motivating individuals to mobilize more energy to overcome depletion effects,and 4） reducing the energy loss of self-control tasks. Besides,in this article we also discuss the limitations in present ego-depletion studies,and they are：1） there is no agreement in the types of self-control tasks to be used; 2） thedual-task paradigm is too simple,and more research is needed with extra tasks in the future; 3） we need to use physiological indicators instead of behavioral indicators; 4） the methods of overcoming ego-depletion are temporary. Therefore,we suggest that future studies should focus more on the task effectiveness and employ the three-task de- sign more frequently. We believe that future studies will pay more attentions to the methods of short-term effects,while improving the overall control capabilities in overcoming ego-depletion.