生态经济
生態經濟
생태경제
Ecological Economy
2013年
9期
163~167
,共null页
曹生奎 曹广超 陈克龙 解家安 马兰 张涛
曹生奎 曹廣超 陳剋龍 解傢安 馬蘭 張濤
조생규 조엄초 진극룡 해가안 마란 장도
水生态系统 生态系统服务功能 使用价值 评估 青海湖
水生態繫統 生態繫統服務功能 使用價值 評估 青海湖
수생태계통 생태계통복무공능 사용개치 평고 청해호
water ecosystem; ecosystem service function; use value; evaluation; Qinghai Lake
青海湖是我国最大的内陆湖,也是我国最大的咸水湖,对其水生态系统服务功能的定量评价有助于提高人们对青海湖水生态系统保护重要性的认识,促进对青海湖的合理利用和保护。文章使用市场价值法、造林成本法、碳税法和替代市场法,对青海湖湖泊水生态系统服务功能的使用价值进行了评估研究。结果显示,青海湖水体生态系统服务功能的总使用价值为240174.8×10^8CNY,其中直接使用价值为13.84×10^8CNY,间接使用价值为240160.9×10^8CNY,在所有生态功能类型中,气候调节功能价值最大,占了主导,为2394.52×10^10CNY,占总使用服务价值的99.70%,其次为涵养水源,为526.08×10^8CNY,占总服务价值的0.22%;持留土壤的服务价值最小,仅为4.07×10^4CNY。各生态功能价值量大小依次为气候调节〉涵养水源〉气体调节〉文化科研〉提供生物栖息地〉休闲娱乐〉物质生产〉持留土壤。这说明青海湖水体生态系统在气候调节、涵养水源、气体调节等方面发挥着巨大作用,是青海湖水体生态系统的核心和主导服务功能。为此,必须要对其水生态系统服务功能进行重新认识和定位,以实现青海湖水体的持续利用。
青海湖是我國最大的內陸湖,也是我國最大的鹹水湖,對其水生態繫統服務功能的定量評價有助于提高人們對青海湖水生態繫統保護重要性的認識,促進對青海湖的閤理利用和保護。文章使用市場價值法、造林成本法、碳稅法和替代市場法,對青海湖湖泊水生態繫統服務功能的使用價值進行瞭評估研究。結果顯示,青海湖水體生態繫統服務功能的總使用價值為240174.8×10^8CNY,其中直接使用價值為13.84×10^8CNY,間接使用價值為240160.9×10^8CNY,在所有生態功能類型中,氣候調節功能價值最大,佔瞭主導,為2394.52×10^10CNY,佔總使用服務價值的99.70%,其次為涵養水源,為526.08×10^8CNY,佔總服務價值的0.22%;持留土壤的服務價值最小,僅為4.07×10^4CNY。各生態功能價值量大小依次為氣候調節〉涵養水源〉氣體調節〉文化科研〉提供生物棲息地〉休閒娛樂〉物質生產〉持留土壤。這說明青海湖水體生態繫統在氣候調節、涵養水源、氣體調節等方麵髮揮著巨大作用,是青海湖水體生態繫統的覈心和主導服務功能。為此,必鬚要對其水生態繫統服務功能進行重新認識和定位,以實現青海湖水體的持續利用。
청해호시아국최대적내륙호,야시아국최대적함수호,대기수생태계통복무공능적정량평개유조우제고인문대청해호수생태계통보호중요성적인식,촉진대청해호적합리이용화보호。문장사용시장개치법、조림성본법、탄세법화체대시장법,대청해호호박수생태계통복무공능적사용개치진행료평고연구。결과현시,청해호수체생태계통복무공능적총사용개치위240174.8×10^8CNY,기중직접사용개치위13.84×10^8CNY,간접사용개치위240160.9×10^8CNY,재소유생태공능류형중,기후조절공능개치최대,점료주도,위2394.52×10^10CNY,점총사용복무개치적99.70%,기차위함양수원,위526.08×10^8CNY,점총복무개치적0.22%;지류토양적복무개치최소,부위4.07×10^4CNY。각생태공능개치량대소의차위기후조절〉함양수원〉기체조절〉문화과연〉제공생물서식지〉휴한오악〉물질생산〉지류토양。저설명청해호수체생태계통재기후조절、함양수원、기체조절등방면발휘착거대작용,시청해호수체생태계통적핵심화주도복무공능。위차,필수요대기수생태계통복무공능진행중신인식화정위,이실현청해호수체적지속이용。
The Qinghai Lake is the largest inland lake and salt water lake in China. Quantitative evaluation of its water ecosystem services function helps to raise awareness of importance of its water ecosystem protection, and promote rational utilization and protection of the Qinghai Lake. This paper evaluated and studied use values of water ecosystem services function in the Qinghai Lake using the market value method, afforestation cost method, carbon tax and substitute market method. The results showed that the total use value of water ecosystem service functions in the Qinghai Lake was 240 174.8×10^8 CNY, including direct use value of 13.84×10^8 CNY and indirect use value of 240 160.9×10^8 CNY. Among them, climate regulation function value is the largest, with the value of 2394.52×10^10 CNY, accounting for the 99.70% of total use value. Water conservation value is the second, with the value of 526.08 ×10^8 CNY, accounting for the 0.22% of total use value. There have the smallest value in keeping soil service function, with the value of 4.07×10^4 CNY. The all kinds of service function value size followed in the following order: climate regulation 〉 water conservation 〉 gas regulation 〉 culture and scientific research 〉 providing habitats 〉 entertainment 〉 material production 〉 keeping soil. Those indicated that the water ecosystem of the Qinghai Lake in the climate regulation, water conservation, and gas adjustment plays a huge role, and they were the core and dominant of the Qinghai Lake water ecosystem service functions. Therefore, we must want to rediscover and reposition its ecosystem services function so as to realize the sustainable utilization of the Qinghai Lake water body.