CAJ | 학술논문

双边贸易壁垒除了地理距离之外还应包括跨国间文化异质性程度带来的贸易成本。本文选择民族间距其最近的共同祖先所过去时间一遗传距离作为文化异质性的度量指标并阐述其有效性，并采用民族加权法计算了我国与110个国家的遗传距离，在贸易引力模型的基础上对1996-2010年的面板数据进行实证分析，结果表明：在控制地理距离等变量后，遗传距离对双边贸易流量起着显著的阻碍作用，随着时间的推移呈递增趋势，遗传距离与地理距离对双边贸易的影响存在替代效应；进一步分析发现，遗传距离对我国与24个发达国家的双边贸易流量的负向效应更显著。本文引入公元1500年主要民族间遗传距离作为工具变量，面板IV估计较好地克服了解释变量的内生性问题，实证结果具有稳健性。
쌍변무역벽루제료지리거리지외환응포괄과국간문화이질성정도대래적무역성본。본문선택민족간거기최근적공동조선소과거시간일유전거리작위문화이질성적도량지표병천술기유효성，병채용민족가권법계산료아국여110개국가적유전거리，재무역인력모형적기출상대1996-2010년적면판수거진행실증분석，결과표명：재공제지리거리등변량후，유전거리대쌍변무역류량기착현저적조애작용，수착시간적추이정체증추세，유전거리여지리거리대쌍변무역적영향존재체대효응；진일보분석발현，유전거리대아국여24개발체국가적쌍변무역류량적부향효응경현저。본문인입공원1500년주요민족간유전거리작위공구변량，면판IV고계교호지극복료해석변량적내생성문제，실증결과구유은건성。
Besides geographical factors, trade cost caused by cultural heteroge- neity is also one of the barriers to bilateral trade. Choosing genetic distance as a proxy variable of cross-national cultural heterogeneity, this paper uses weighing method to construct the genetic distance between China and other 110 countries. The genetic distance is supposed to reflect the degree of variation between two populations and the effectiveness of such a cultural variation. Based on Gravity model, this paper then examines the relationship between genetic distance and in- ternational trade using panel data from 1996 to 2010. The findings prove that once the geographical variable is determined, the genetic distance becomes a sig- nificantly negative factor that contains the size of bilateral trade flow, during which the containing effect increases as time passes by. It is also found that there is a substitution effect between the genetic distance and the geographic dis- tance on bilateral trade. What＇ s more, through further inspection it is found that the genetic distances between China and 24 OECD countries have a greater im- pediment effect on these bilateral trade flows. As this study uses genetic distance of the year 1500 as an instrumental variable for current genetic distance, and pan- el IV is considered to have addressed the endogeneity problem, the findings from this empirical analysis claim conservatism.