武汉大学学报：人文科学版
武漢大學學報：人文科學版
무한대학학보：인문과학판
Wuhan University Journal (Humanity Sciences)
2013年
5期
97~106
,共null页
城市民变 汉口 上海 摊贩风潮
城市民變 漢口 上海 攤販風潮
성시민변 한구 상해 탄판풍조
urban mass uprising; the street vendor wave; Hankou; Shanghai
在近代中国城市现代化进程中，政府管理下层社会群体时常失效从而诱发城市民变，在某种程度上改变了城市政治文化与日常生活。1908年汉口摊户风潮与1946年上海摊贩风潮对比表明，摊贩集体行动的爆发是政府管理摊贩失效与异化社会环境共同作用的结果，其抗争方式、步骤、目标呈现出一般性展演规律和大众心态，也在历史的发展中发生局部变异。市政当局、商会组织、新闻媒体、权力谋求者等不同社会力量基于各自利益的考量与行动，左右了摊贩风潮的发展轨迹与社会关注。摊贩集体行动影响了市政公权与下层民众间的关系态势，但并未根本改变摊贩的生存状态。背离民生的执政理念使市政当局时常置市容整顿于小民生计以优先的位置。政府立场与民众利益的根本对立，注定了风潮后的宁静只是暂时的，城市民变成为社会动荡与统治危机的预演。
在近代中國城市現代化進程中，政府管理下層社會群體時常失效從而誘髮城市民變，在某種程度上改變瞭城市政治文化與日常生活。1908年漢口攤戶風潮與1946年上海攤販風潮對比錶明，攤販集體行動的爆髮是政府管理攤販失效與異化社會環境共同作用的結果，其抗爭方式、步驟、目標呈現齣一般性展縯規律和大衆心態，也在歷史的髮展中髮生跼部變異。市政噹跼、商會組織、新聞媒體、權力謀求者等不同社會力量基于各自利益的攷量與行動，左右瞭攤販風潮的髮展軌跡與社會關註。攤販集體行動影響瞭市政公權與下層民衆間的關繫態勢，但併未根本改變攤販的生存狀態。揹離民生的執政理唸使市政噹跼時常置市容整頓于小民生計以優先的位置。政府立場與民衆利益的根本對立，註定瞭風潮後的寧靜隻是暫時的，城市民變成為社會動盪與統治危機的預縯。
재근대중국성시현대화진정중，정부관리하층사회군체시상실효종이유발성시민변，재모충정도상개변료성시정치문화여일상생활。1908년한구탄호풍조여1946년상해탄판풍조대비표명，탄판집체행동적폭발시정부관리탄판실효여이화사회배경공동작용적결과，기항쟁방식、보취、목표정현출일반성전연규률화대음심태，야재역사적발전중발생국부변이。시정당국、상회조직、신문매체、권력모구자등불동사회역량기우각자이익적고량여행동，좌우료탄판풍조적발전궤적여사회관주。탄판집체행동영향료시정공권여하층민음간적관계태세，단병미근본개변탄판적생존상태。배리민생적집정이념사시정당국시상치시용정돈우소민생계이우선적위치。정부립장여민음이익적근본대립，주정료풍조후적저정지시잠시적，성시민변성위사회동탕여통치위궤적예연。
In the process of urbanization in modern China, the civil government＇s failure in the management of the lower social groups led to the urban mass uprising,which to some extent had changed the urban political culture and daily life. The comparison between Hankou street vendors wave in 1908 and Shanghai street vendors wave in 1946 showed that the out- break of the collective action was resulted from both the failure of the civil government management and alienation social en- vironment. The way of its protesting, its procedures and goals presented the general performance rule and the mass psychol- ogy, while changing partly in the development of history. Different social forces such as Municipality,Chamber of commerce organization , the News media and the Power careerist influenced the development path of the street vendors wave and social concern for the sake of their own interests. Vendors＇ collective actions affected the trend of the relationship between the rnu- nicipality and the lower classes, but did not fundamentally change the survival state of the vendors. The concept of govern- ance that cityscape was more important than the people＇s livelihoods was taken by the municipality, leading to the funda mental opposition of the government＇s position and the people＇s welfare, so the peace after the street vendors wave was just temporary. Urban mass uprising was only a rehearsal of social turbulence and crisis of governance.
