CAJ | 학술논문

科学的目的是要发现新的自然类和探索新的自然律,所以对这两个概念的哲学反思是十分重要的。自从1969年奎因用自然类的概念破解了著名的亨普尔归纳悖论和古德曼的＂新归纳之谜＂后,关于自然类和自然律的哲学研究有了迅猛的发展,1994年埃利斯和其他人提出新本质主义的世界观后,哲学界有大批研究科学本体论的论著的出现,论证自然界是由客观存在的自然律支配的自然类等级系统,使科学本体论发展到一个新本质主义阶段,不过这一新思潮还不成熟,至少有两个重大问题没有解决,一是自然类与维特根斯坦的家族类似类的关系问题,另一是非还原物理主义实在论的建构问题。
과학적목적시요발현신적자연류화탐색신적자연률,소이대저량개개념적철학반사시십분중요적。자종1969년규인용자연류적개념파해료저명적형보이귀납패론화고덕만적＂신귀납지미＂후,관우자연류화자연률적철학연구유료신맹적발전,1994년애리사화기타인제출신본질주의적세계관후,철학계유대비연구과학본체론적론저적출현,론증자연계시유객관존재적자연률지배적자연류등급계통,사과학본체론발전도일개신본질주의계단,불과저일신사조환불성숙,지소유량개중대문제몰유해결,일시자연류여유특근사탄적가족유사류적관계문제,령일시비환원물리주의실재론적건구문제。
The aim of science is to discover new natural kinds and explore new laws of nature,so the philosophical reflection based on the two concepts is very important.Since 1968,Quine solved Hempel＇s paradox of induction and Goodman＇s＂the new riddle of induction＂with the concept of natural kinds.The research on natural kinds and laws of nature has got rapid development.B.Ellis and some other philosophers proposed a novel theory called ＂New Essentialism＂in 1994.After them there were a large number of philosophical works on it to argue that the world is a hierarchical system governed by the laws of nature,which have improved the development of scientific realism to a new stage.However,the new essentialist school is not mature.There are two unsolved problems at least.The one is what is the relationship between the natural kinds and Wittgenstein＇s family resemblant kinds;the other is how to construct new laws of nature based on the anti-reductional realism of physicalism.