CAJ | 학술논문

本文从民族异质性的角度分析当前跨国制度差异存在的根源，选择跨国间遗传距离作为制度差异的工具变量，详细阐述了其作为工具变量的合理性和有效性。文章将全球146个国家和地区两两匹配成10585个样本组合，从政治制度差异、经济制度差异和制度执行特征差异等方面，选择世界银行和遗产基金会的14个指标，构造跨国间制度距离变量，并采用1996--2010年数据进行横截面Ⅳ估计制度差异对跨国收入差距的长期影响。实证结果表明，制度差异对跨国间收入差距具有长期显著的正向影响，并且这种影响在样本期有逐渐加强的趋势。在控制了人力资本、地理因素、语言宗教和共同信仰等因素后，本文仍得到相似的结论。使用不同的遗传距离测算指标和估计方法表明，实证结果具有稳健性。
본문종민족이질성적각도분석당전과국제도차이존재적근원，선택과국간유전거리작위제도차이적공구변량，상세천술료기작위공구변량적합이성화유효성。문장장전구146개국가화지구량량필배성10585개양본조합，종정치제도차이、경제제도차이화제도집행특정차이등방면，선택세계은행화유산기금회적14개지표，구조과국간제도거리변량，병채용1996--2010년수거진행횡절면Ⅳ고계제도차이대과국수입차거적장기영향。실증결과표명，제도차이대과국간수입차거구유장기현저적정향영향，병차저충영향재양본기유축점가강적추세。재공제료인력자본、지리인소、어언종교화공동신앙등인소후，본문잉득도상사적결론。사용불동적유전거리측산지표화고계방법표명，실증결과구유은건성。
This paper analyzes the cause of transnational institutional differences from the core of the system and the process of institutional change points. We choose transnational genetic distance as the instrumental variable of institutional difference, and elaborate it as the rationality and validity of the instrumental variable. Utilizing the cross-sectional data of 146 major countries, which constitute 10585 observations each year, we estimate the effect of institutional difference （a variable constructed by 14 factors of three aspects： the difference of political institution, economic institution and institution implementation from the World Bank and the heritage foundation） on multinational income gap. The empirical results show that institutional difference has the positive effect on multinational income gap in the long term between countries, and the influence has a significant upward trend. After controlling the factors of geography, human capital, language and religion, we still have similar conclusions. Different genetic distance measurement indicators and estimation methods show that conclusion is robustness.