CAJ | 학술논문

采用多目标追踪（MOT）与点探测刺激觉察任务相结合的实验范式，分别通过改变运动与静止非目标数量，考察追踪难度变化对不同类型非目标选择性抑制的影响。实验一通过改变运动非目标数量为4、5、6，发现当运动非目标数量为6时，追踪难度显著增加，静止非目标上的抑制量也显著增加，而运动非目标上的抑制量则不随追踪难度的变化而变化；实验二改变静止非目标数量为4、5、6，同样发现当静止非目标数量为6时，追踪难度显著增加，静止非目标上的抑制量也显著增加，而运动非目标上的抑制量仍不随追踪难度的变化而变化，且当静止非目标数量为6时，静止非目标上的抑制量显著大于运动非目标，出现了反转现象，其原因可能是视野范围内总的对象数量超出了视觉索引容量，被试改变了对静止与运动非目标的抑制策略。综合实验结果表明，静止非目标上的抑制程度随追踪难度的提高而增加；而运动非目标上的抑制程度对追踪难度的变化不敏感，在不同难度水平上保持相对稳定。
채용다목표추종（MOT）여점탐측자격각찰임무상결합적실험범식，분별통과개변운동여정지비목표수량，고찰추종난도변화대불동류형비목표선택성억제적영향。실험일통과개변운동비목표수량위4、5、6，발현당운동비목표수량위6시，추종난도현저증가，정지비목표상적억제량야현저증가，이운동비목표상적억제량칙불수추종난도적변화이변화；실험이개변정지비목표수량위4、5、6，동양발현당정지비목표수량위6시，추종난도현저증가，정지비목표상적억제량야현저증가，이운동비목표상적억제량잉불수추종난도적변화이변화，차당정지비목표수량위6시，정지비목표상적억제량현저대우운동비목표，출현료반전현상，기원인가능시시야범위내총적대상수량초출료시각색인용량，피시개변료대정지여운동비목표적억제책략。종합실험결과표명，정지비목표상적억제정도수추종난도적제고이증가；이운동비목표상적억제정도대추종난도적변화불민감，재불동난도수평상보지상대은정。
Previous studies have proved that there is a highly localized object - based inhibition on nontargets in Multiple Object Track- ing （MOT） tasks. And the mechanism of selective nontarget inhibition is closely related to the difficulty level of a tracking task. When there is a high demand for a tracking task, more inhibition was obtained to the nontargets that were hard to distinguish from targets with- in the capacity of Visual Index. Using Multiple Object Tracking with Probe Dot Detection tasks, the present study further examined the effects of Multiple Object Tracking difficulty on the mechanism of nontargets inhibition. Two experiments were conducted and both were 3 x 2 within - subject design. The two independent variables were moving nontargets＇ number （ Experiment 1 ： having 4, 5 or 6 moving nontargets while there were always 4 targets and 4 static nontargets） or static nontargets＇ number （ Experiment 2 ： having 4, 5 or 6 static nontargets while there were always 4 targets and 4 moving nontargets） and probe dot locations （ probe dot presented in static or moving nontargets）. Participants in two experiments performed no -tracking task first and then the tracking task. In a no -tracking task, par- ticipants only need to monitor if a probe dot was presented in the objects. In a tracking task, participants must track the targets while monitoring the probe dot. Participants＇ tracking accuracy and probe detection performance on static and moving nontargets were recor- ded. And the degree of inhibition on static and moving nontargets was obtained through percentage of probe detection in a no - tracking task being subtracted from that of tracking task. The results showed that in two experiments, when the number of moving nontargets （Experiment 1 ） or static nontargets （Experiment 2） was 6, the tracking task was significantly more difficult, and the degree of inhibi- tion on static nontargets was significantly larger than that of 4 and 5 moving or static nontargets. However, the inhibition on moving non- targets kept constant among the three conditions. And in experiment 2, when the number of static nontargets was 6, the degree of inhibi- tion on static nontargets was significantly larger than that of on moving nontargets. In general, the findings of the present study suggested that in Multiple Object Tracking tasks the inhibition on static nontargets was sensitive to the difficulty level of a tracking task. The de- gree of inhibition on static nontargets increased with the increase of difficuhy level of the tracking task. While the inhibition on moving nontargets kept constant among different difficulty levels. And when the number of visual objects exceeded the capacity of Visual Index, in order to complete the tracking task, participants would change the mechanism of selective nontarget inhibition, the inhibition on static nontargets would increase.