CAJ | 학술논문

共情一系统化（Empathizing—Systemizing，E—S）理论是自闭症研究领域中的新兴理论，是对“心盲”理论的扩展。该理论认为自闭症个体的共情缺损，系统化无损甚至超常，并用这两个心理机制全面地解释了自闭症的社交障碍和沟通障碍两种社会性特征以及兴趣狭窄、行为刻板和能力孤岛三种非社会性特征。文章概述了共情一系统化理论的形成过程、证据以及该理论与其它重要理论的关系，并就共情的认知成分和情感成分的关系、共情和系统化的关系以及共情和系统化的生理基础等问题进行了反思与展望。
공정일계통화（Empathizing—Systemizing，E—S）이론시자폐증연구영역중적신흥이론，시대“심맹”이론적확전。해이론인위자폐증개체적공정결손，계통화무손심지초상，병용저량개심리궤제전면지해석료자폐증적사교장애화구통장애량충사회성특정이급흥취협착、행위각판화능력고도삼충비사회성특정。문장개술료공정일계통화이론적형성과정、증거이급해이론여기타중요이론적관계，병취공정적인지성분화정감성분적관계、공정화계통화적관계이급공정화계통화적생리기출등문제진행료반사여전망。
Empathizing - Systemizing （ E - S） theory in Autism is a newly emerging theory in the field of autism research. It is an extension of mind - blindness theory. Baron - Cohen added the defect of emotional component of empathy and the intact or even superior skill in systemizing to the mind - blindness theory so that it can describe both social and non - social feature of autism. The theory de- fined empathizing as both the drive and the ability to identify another person＇s mental state and to respond with appropriate emotions, and defined systemizing as the drive to analyze or construct systems. The two - factor theory proposed that people with autism had below average empathy, but average or even above average systemizing. This could explain the social features （the social and communication difficulties） with below average empathy, as well as the nonsocial features （the narrow interests, rigid behavior and island of abilities） in autism conditions with average or even above average systemizing. The theory used the notion ＂ truth＂ to integrate empathizing and systemizing into one dimension. Empathizing was put on the low - end of the dimension and the systemizing high - end of the dimen- sion. That is, the theory states that there is a trade - off between empathizing and systemizing. This paper reviewed the major concepts of the E - S theory and the relationship between them, and then compared the E - S theory with other major theories, such as the executive dysfunction （ED） theory and the weak central coherence （WCC） theory. On non -so- cial feature description, the ED theory considered people with autism as perseveration that makes the individual fail to shift attention. From the WCC theory, people with autism were forever lost in the details and had never reached an understanding of the system as a whole, but the E - S theory considered the slow behaviour as being highly purposeful： it exists in order to understand a system. The E - S theory has several strengths, the most important of which is the two - factor theory that could explain both the social and nonsocial features of the condition. In addition, this theory could help to characterize the unique profile of autism spectrum conditions, especially their intact or even superior systemizing drive. The article also discussed some problems about the E - S theory. First, the empathizing was considered to be comprised of cognitive component and affective component, but the systemizing only has a cognitive component. So systemizing may only be associated with the cognitive component of the empathizing, and affective empathy deficits may be a comorbidity in autism. Second, studies had shown that when empathizing, women are affected emotionally more than men. Another study found that empathizing and systemizing traits were independent in women, but largely dependent in men. These results suggested that men were more in line with the model of cognitive component of empathizing and systemizing opposing to each other, and women＇ af- fective empathy would participate in the function of the model. If the sex differences exist in the mechanism of E - S, the pathogenesis of autism would have gender difference. Finally, the paper pointed out that the E - S theory lacksin evidences on the physical level, and that the physiological mechanism needs to be explored.