CAJ | 학술논문

本文采用＂模拟星期＂范式通过3个实验分别考察了前瞻记忆任务类型的差异以及动机与任务序列对前瞻记忆的影响。结果表明：（1）规律性前瞻记忆任务的正确率显著高于非规律性的,即使本研究条件下对非规律性前瞻记忆任务进行奖励与惩罚,仍没有消除两者间的差异。（2）不论是惩罚还是奖励都可以显著提高非规律性前瞻记忆的成绩,而且动机促进作用会蔓延至非直接强化的前瞻记忆任务。（3）固定序列前瞻记忆成绩显著优于随机序列的,且在实验过程中固定序列前瞻记忆的成绩呈上升趋势,而随机序列的基本不变,固定序列在一定程度上反映了行为习惯的建立过程。（4）不论前瞻记忆任务规律与否,惩罚或奖励,任务序列如何,基于时间的前瞻记忆成绩均优于基于事件的前瞻记忆的成绩。（5）时间确认任务中,被试翻看时钟的次数与其正确率间呈显著正相关,且越临近规定时间翻看次数越多,呈J型分布。
본문채용＂모의성기＂범식통과3개실험분별고찰료전첨기억임무류형적차이이급동궤여임무서렬대전첨기억적영향。결과표명：（1）규률성전첨기억임무적정학솔현저고우비규률성적,즉사본연구조건하대비규률성전첨기억임무진행장려여징벌,잉몰유소제량자간적차이。（2）불론시징벌환시장려도가이현저제고비규률성전첨기억적성적,이차동궤촉진작용회만연지비직접강화적전첨기억임무。（3）고정서렬전첨기억성적현저우우수궤서렬적,차재실험과정중고정서렬전첨기억적성적정상승추세,이수궤서렬적기본불변,고정서렬재일정정도상반영료행위습관적건립과정。（4）불론전첨기억임무규률여부,징벌혹장려,임무서렬여하,기우시간적전첨기억성적균우우기우사건적전첨기억적성적。（5）시간학인임무중,피시번간시종적차수여기정학솔간정현저정상관,차월림근규정시간번간차수월다,정J형분포。
Prospective memory（PM） is the memory for actions to be performed in the future.Previous prospective memory studies often use calculation and character recognition tasks,rather than everyday life events,which may limit the implication of the result.Here we use prospective memory tasks that occur in everyday life in the ＂Virtual Week＂ paradigm,forming a board game that mimics many features of daily living,and investigate the effects of prospective memory types,motivation and task sequence on prospective memory of undergraduate students.In Experiment 1,we focused on the effects of different types of prospective memory tasks with a 2（regular and irregular） × 2（time-based prospective memory and event-based prospective memory） design.The experiment explored the effect of the regularity of prospective memory tasks on behavioral performance in the time-based prospective memory and event-based prospective memory.In Experiment 2,we investigated the influence of motivation（reward vs.penalty） on prospective memory performance with a 2（regular and irregular） × 2（time-based prospective memory and event-based prospective memory） × 3（no motivation,reward,and penalty） design.The purpose of this experiment was to exam whether both reward and penalty could improve the accuracy of prospective memory tasks,and whether this improvement was different between regular and irregular prospective memory task.In Experiment 3,we studied the effects of task sequence on prospective memory performance with a 2（fixed and random sequence） × 2（time-based prospective memory and event-based prospective memory） design to exam whether the prospective memory performance would be better in fixed sequence than in random sequence.The results showed that the accuracy of regular prospective memory tasks was higher than that of irregular prospective memory tasks,even of those with motivation.Meanwhile,both reward and penalty facilitated the performance of irregular prospective memory tasks.In addition,the performance of the fixed prospective memory task sequences,which improved significantly over time,was better than that of random sequences,which remained unchanged.Finally,the performance of time-based prospective memory was better than that of event-based prospective memory,regardless of the regularity of prospective memory tasks,reward or penalty,and task sequence.In conclusion,our study uses a novel ＂virtual week＂ paradigm that involves prospective memory tasks in everyday life,and provides evidence that regular prospective memory tasks,high motivation and fix sequences can all enhance the performance of prospective memory tasks,with implication of improving prospective memory performance in real life.