CAJ | 학술논문

基于2001—2011年中国31个省区的面板数据，考察了女性劳动参与率下降的原因，重点探讨了贸易开放的作用。在实证分析中为了有效控制变量的内生性，依据地理特征构造了工具变量。实证研究发现贸易开放对中国女性劳动参与率具有显著并稳健的负向效应，导致中国女性劳动参与率下降的主要因素还包括资本产出比的提高、城镇失业率的上升及步入婚姻，而增加职工平均工资和提高技术女性劳动力的比重则会促进女性劳动参与率的提高。从某种程度上说，女性作为弱势群体较难被包含在贸易开放利益之中，但这并不意味着要抑制贸易开放的发展，而是要趋利避害，综合实施各种措施，提高女性劳动参与率。因此，增加职工的平均工资收入及加大教育培训力度以增强女性劳动力的技术水平。并为之提供相应的制度保障具有尤为重要的政策含义。
기우2001—2011년중국31개성구적면판수거，고찰료녀성노동삼여솔하강적원인，중점탐토료무역개방적작용。재실증분석중위료유효공제변량적내생성，의거지리특정구조료공구변량。실증연구발현무역개방대중국녀성노동삼여솔구유현저병은건적부향효응，도치중국녀성노동삼여솔하강적주요인소환포괄자본산출비적제고、성진실업솔적상승급보입혼인，이증가직공평균공자화제고기술녀성노동력적비중칙회촉진녀성노동삼여솔적제고。종모충정도상설，녀성작위약세군체교난피포함재무역개방이익지중，단저병불의미착요억제무역개방적발전，이시요추리피해，종합실시각충조시，제고녀성노동삼여솔。인차，증가직공적평균공자수입급가대교육배훈력도이증강녀성노동력적기술수평。병위지제공상응적제도보장구유우위중요적정책함의。
Using China＇s panel data of 31provinces during 2001--2011, we analyze the factors affecting the decrease of the female labor force participation rate （FLFPR）, focusing on the role of trade openness. By constructing instrument variable in term of the geographic characteristics, we efficiently tackle the problem of endogeneity in the regressions. This paper finds that, trade openness has robustly and significantly negative effects on FLFPR. Such decrease can also be explained by improvement of returns on capital, increase of ur- ban unemployment rate and the marriage. While increase the worker＇s average wage and improve the proportion of skilled female labor could contribute to improving FLFPR. To some senses, female labor can easily be eliminated by the benefit of trade openness, but it dose not mean we should restrain the trade openness. So China should pay attention to the effect of trade openness on FLFPR and carry out some policies. Therefore, there are par- ticularly important policy implications to increase the worker＇s average wage, improve the educational level of female labor and provide corresponding institutional protection to their rights.