CAJ | 학술논문

在当下全球经济萧条和发展中国家日益增长的巨大需求背景下,中国西部需要绿色发展,国际经验可以起到前车之鉴和抛砖引玉的作用.以OECI国家为主,基于实地考察调研和座谈、以及文献资料分析,总结了其绿色发展相关政策建议以及典型案例区实践活动在推进区域绿色发展中的作用和经验,涉及政策框架和路线图制定、绩效监测评估、经济建设和环境保护同步发展、生态补偿、绿色就业和扶贫等.重点分析了OECD国家以往推进绿色经济发展的结构调整与改革的经验,如澳大利亚水资源管理、矿产业开发和生物库的例子;加拿大采用经济手段保护生物多样性的案例;瑞士农业旅游和西班牙绿色工业发展的案例;以及澳大利亚实施“清洁可持续技能培训计划”的经验等.尽管各个国家由于制度、经济体制、发展水平的差异,在推进绿色发展的具体战略措施和行动方案等方面存在差异,但一些共同认可的经验和成功案例对中国西部绿色发展起步实施具有一定的借鉴和指导作用.根据这些国际经验分析,本文提出了对中国西部绿色发展的五点启示,主要包括：①制定绿色发展的制度安排和路线图;②开展动态的绩效监测评估与考核,建立切合实际的可量化的考核体系;③建立生态产权或自然资源产权交易市场化的激励机制,并选择典型区先行先试,建立长期稳定有效的生态补偿机制;④利益相关者积极主动参与到绿色发展的进程之中;⑤提供绿色就业机会,提高劳动力技能和素质.
재당하전구경제소조화발전중국가일익증장적거대수구배경하,중국서부수요록색발전,국제경험가이기도전차지감화포전인옥적작용.이OECI국가위주,기우실지고찰조연화좌담、이급문헌자료분석,총결료기록색발전상관정책건의이급전형안례구실천활동재추진구역록색발전중적작용화경험,섭급정책광가화로선도제정、적효감측평고、경제건설화배경보호동보발전、생태보상、록색취업화부빈등.중점분석료OECD국가이왕추진록색경제발전적결구조정여개혁적경험,여오대리아수자원관리、광산업개발화생물고적례자;가나대채용경제수단보호생물다양성적안례;서사농업여유화서반아록색공업발전적안례;이급오대리아실시“청길가지속기능배훈계화”적경험등.진관각개국가유우제도、경제체제、발전수평적차이,재추진록색발전적구체전략조시화행동방안등방면존재차이,단일사공동인가적경험화성공안례대중국서부록색발전기보실시구유일정적차감화지도작용.근거저사국제경험분석,본문제출료대중국서부록색발전적오점계시,주요포괄：①제정록색발전적제도안배화로선도;②개전동태적적효감측평고여고핵,건립절합실제적가양화적고핵체계;③건립생태산권혹자연자원산권교역시장화적격려궤제,병선택전형구선행선시,건립장기은정유효적생태보상궤제;④이익상관자적겁주동삼여도록색발전적진정지중;⑤제공록색취업궤회,제고노동력기능화소질.
Green development emphases co-development between economic and environmental divisions,and is a people-central sustainable development approach.Western China demands green development,and international experience could provide necessary,unique and important help and support for Western China to achieve its green development goals.This paper has made comprehensive overall review and analysis of international experience in green development policy and its implementation,in particular,OECD countries＇（mostly Australia and Canada） experience have been analyzed following the major policy foci defined by the Task Force on Strategy and Policies on Environment and Development in Western China initiated by CCICED.Data and information was gathered from the field surveys and investigations,expert meetings,as well as literature review.The main sessions include policy framework and road map establishment,implementation and performance assessment,co-development between economic development and environmental protection,green employment and poverty alleviation,etc.Although the differences exist in promoting green development strategy and action plan which may caused by various national institution,economic system and development level,some common recognized experience and successful cases has certain reference and guidance to start implementation of green development in western region of China.The paper has addressed five policy considerations for future promotion of green development in western China,which is including：① Establish green development institutional arrangements and roadmap.② Carry out dynamic monitoring and evaluation of performance; establish practical and quantifiable assessment system.③ Establish ecological property or the market incentive mechanism for natural resources property rights trading,and choose the typical area of foretaste; establish long-term,stable and effective ecological compensation mechanism.④ Stakeholders need to actively participate in the process of green development.5）Provide green jobs,improve labor skills and qualities.