CAJ | 학술논문

气候变化是当今人类社会面临的最严峻的全球性环境挑战之一,气候变化谈判关乎各国在气候秩序中的权力与义务,涉及到各国经济发展的根本利益,已经成为国际政治博弈的新舞台.根据联合国气候变化框架公约和巴厘路线图精神,发达国家应承担起历史责任,向发展中国家提供新的、额外的、可持续的、可预测的资金支持,帮助其应对气候变化的不利影响.但是,由于发达国家缺乏履行公约义务的政治诚意,长期以来在资金问题上同发展中国家展开了艰苦的斗争.哥本哈根会议后,全球应对气候变化资金呈现出资金来源多样化,资金规模逐渐缩水,资金治理机制对发达国家出资约束力近一步降低的趋势.各利益集团围绕资金机制谈判展开激烈博弈,欧盟与美国正在逐步突破“共同但有区别的责任”原则,争夺气候变化谈判领导权并力图将我国拉入出资国之列,发展中国家阵营逐步分化为“基础四国”、“小岛屿国家”、“最不发达国家”等,保持共同立场难度日渐增大.尽管绿色气候基金在德班会议后正式启动,若无资金注入,也只能为未来资金机制谈判带来不确定性.面对上述形势,我国应坚持公约基本原则,坚持发展中国家定位,加强综合研究及前瞻性判断,以积极的姿态和务实的态度参与应对气候变化的国际谈判,以争取自身的发展权益,维护国家核心利益.同时,探索在当前发展阶段下发展低碳经济和建立低碳社会的路线图,不断提高减缓和适应气候变化的能力,实现自觉减排,为全球应对气候变化做出积极贡献.
기후변화시당금인류사회면림적최엄준적전구성배경도전지일,기후변화담판관호각국재기후질서중적권력여의무,섭급도각국경제발전적근본이익,이경성위국제정치박혁적신무태.근거연합국기후변화광가공약화파전로선도정신,발체국가응승담기역사책임,향발전중국가제공신적、액외적、가지속적、가예측적자금지지,방조기응대기후변화적불리영향.단시,유우발체국가결핍리행공약의무적정치성의,장기이래재자금문제상동발전중국가전개료간고적두쟁.가본합근회의후,전구응대기후변화자금정현출자금래원다양화,자금규모축점축수,자금치리궤제대발체국가출자약속력근일보강저적추세.각이익집단위요자금궤제담판전개격렬박혁,구맹여미국정재축보돌파“공동단유구별적책임”원칙,쟁탈기후변화담판령도권병력도장아국랍입출자국지렬,발전중국가진영축보분화위“기출사국”、“소도서국가”、“최불발체국가”등,보지공동립장난도일점증대.진관록색기후기금재덕반회의후정식계동,약무자금주입,야지능위미래자금궤제담판대래불학정성.면대상술형세,아국응견지공약기본원칙,견지발전중국가정위,가강종합연구급전첨성판단,이적겁적자태화무실적태도삼여응대기후변화적국제담판,이쟁취자신적발전권익,유호국가핵심이익.동시,탐색재당전발전계단하발전저탄경제화건립저탄사회적로선도,불단제고감완화괄응기후변화적능력,실현자각감배,위전구응대기후변화주출적겁공헌.
Climate change is one of the most serious global environmental challenges for human society today.Climate change negotiation associates with the rights and obligations of countries in the climate order,relates to the fundamental interests of national economic development and becomes a new battlefield for international competition.According to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change Convention （UNFCCC） and the Bali Roadmap,developed countries should undertake the historical responsibility and provide new,additional,sustainable and predictable financial support to developing countries to help them tackle adverse impact of climate change.However,due to the lack of political sincerity to fulfill the obligations of the Convention,developed countries fight a tough battle against developing countries on financial issues.After the Copenhagen meeting,the global funds responding to climate change showed diversity in funding sources,decline in funding scale and decreasing force of constraint for developed countries to mobilize fund.Various interest groups carried out intense struggle toward financial mechanism negotiation,the European Union and the United States gradually broke the principle of ‘ Common But Differentiated Responsibilities＇,competed for the leadership and tried to pull China into the ranks of donor countries; developing countries camp gradually broke up into BASIC Countries,Small Island Countries and the Least Developed Countries,thus it is more difficult for them to take the same stance.Even though Green Climate Fund officially launched after the Durban meeting,it will only bring uncertainty to the financial mechanism negotiation without funds in the future.In light of such developments,China should adhere to the basic principle of the Convention,keep on positioning itself as a developing country,strengthen the comprehensive research and forward-looking judgment and participate in international negotiations with a positive manner and a pragmatic attitude so as to safeguard our nation＇ s interests.Meanwhile,it should also explore the development of a low-carbon economy and the roadmap to establish a low-carbon society under the current developing stage,continuously improve the ability of mitigation and adaptation to climate change,achieve consciously emission reduction and eventually make a positive contribution to the global campaign against climate change.