CAJ | 학술논문

我国城市化发展既提高了城市居民收入水平同时又增加了碳排放.本文使用56个城市的微观家庭数据,在各个城市层面上建立不同类型能源消耗的行为方程,对包含固定收入、家庭规模和户主年龄的标准家庭居住碳排放进行有效的估算,同时对跨城市差异进行分析解释.结果表明,在以标准家庭居住碳排放为唯一衡量标准时,东川市和蚌埠市是碳排放最少的城市,而新乡市与郑州市则是碳排放最多的城市,很多低排放城市位于秦岭-淮河南北分界线的南侧,大城市排放要高于中小城市.通过对城市收入弹性的估算,发现相对富裕的家庭会增加消耗清洁燃料.一个家庭从低排放城市移动到高排放城市造成的环境成本占家庭年均收入的6.6％,同时低密度城市发展模式以及具有严寒气候的城市都会增加居住碳排放.这些实证研究结果可以辅助城市规划和城市管理者进行“低碳城市”或“低碳生活模式”等相关政策的制定.
아국성시화발전기제고료성시거민수입수평동시우증가료탄배방.본문사용56개성시적미관가정수거,재각개성시층면상건립불동류형능원소모적행위방정,대포함고정수입、가정규모화호주년령적표준가정거주탄배방진행유효적고산,동시대과성시차이진행분석해석.결과표명,재이표준가정거주탄배방위유일형량표준시,동천시화방부시시탄배방최소적성시,이신향시여정주시칙시탄배방최다적성시,흔다저배방성시위우진령-회하남북분계선적남측,대성시배방요고우중소성시.통과대성시수입탄성적고산,발현상대부유적가정회증가소모청길연료.일개가정종저배방성시이동도고배방성시조성적배경성본점가정년균수입적6.6％,동시저밀도성시발전모식이급구유엄한기후적성시도회증가거주탄배방.저사실증연구결과가이보조성시규화화성시관리자진행“저탄성시”혹“저탄생활모식”등상관정책적제정.
China urbanization increases both urban capital income and greenhouse gas emissions.This paper uses micro data,builds a behavior model to measure carbon emissions from standardized household with fixed income,family size and the age of the household head,and also interprets cross-city differences.The paper ranks 56 major Chinese cities with respect to their household carbon footprints and finds that low-emissions cities based on this criterion are Dongchuan and Bengbu while the high-emissions cities are Xinxiang and Zhengzhou.Many low-emission cities are located on the south side of the Qinling-Huai River.Emissions from large cities are higher than small and medium-sized cities.With income elasticity estimates,we found that richer cities will increase the use of clean energy.We find that moving the average household from the greenest city to the brownest would cause the environmental costs,which is roughly 6.6％ of average year＇s income.While low-density urban development patterns and the city with cold climate will increase residential carbon emissions.These findings can help urban planning and city managers formulate polices about ＂low-carbon city＂ or ＂low-carbon lifestyle＂.