CAJ | 학술논문

本文运用分位数回归和引入出口交互项的回归方法，将个体特征变量和城市宏观变量纳入明瑟工资方程，利用2002年和2007年中国城镇住户调查数据（CHIP数据），系统考察了加入WTO后出口开放对不同技能劳动力工资水平的影响差异。实证研究发现，出口开放显著提升了高、低技能劳动力的工资水平，但影响程度并不一致。出口开放整体扩大了技能工资差异，且在不同时期和不同分位点的表现十分迥异；出口开放缩小了不同行业、所有制间的技能工资差异，对高技术行业和外资企业的冲击效应大于低技术行业和其他所有制单位。因此，给予低技能、低收入、低技术行业和集体私营单位劳动力更多的政策支持，对缩小技能工资差异具有重要意义。
본문운용분위수회귀화인입출구교호항적회귀방법，장개체특정변량화성시굉관변량납입명슬공자방정，이용2002년화2007년중국성진주호조사수거（CHIP수거），계통고찰료가입WTO후출구개방대불동기능노동력공자수평적영향차이。실증연구발현，출구개방현저제승료고、저기능노동력적공자수평，단영향정도병불일치。출구개방정체확대료기능공자차이，차재불동시기화불동분위점적표현십분형이；출구개방축소료불동행업、소유제간적기능공자차이，대고기술행업화외자기업적충격효응대우저기술행업화기타소유제단위。인차，급여저기능、저수입、저기술행업화집체사영단위노동력경다적정책지지，대축소기능공자차이구유중요의의。
This paper will make use of Chinese Household Income Project data （CHIP data） in 2002 and 2007 and follow the processing methods of Hering and Poncet （2010） to combine macro variables, such as export open- ness with the individual characteristic variables such as gander, age, degree of education, etc. of the labor with the introduction of Mincer Wage Equation to meticulously investigate the influence of export trade on skill-based salary difference since joining the WTO. While as for the definition of high-skilled and low-skilled labor, we continue to use the classification of labor force in existing studies and consider the ＂critical significance＂ of college degrees in the labor market to regard labor with degrees above college degree as high-skilled labor while those with an educa- tion background of senior high school and below as low-skilled labor. Export and salary difference are always enduring topics in the field of international trade, and there is no ex- ception from the traditional H-O Theory, S-S Theorem to the newly arisen New-New Trade Theory. By combing per- sonal feature variables of different skill labors and the corresponding urban variables, the thesis has studied the effects of export openness on skill-based salary differences more detailed by using CHIP data of 2002 and 2007, and the method of quantile regression and interactive terms regression. The empirical results show that ：（ 1 ） export open- ness has increased the salary levels of high and low-skilled labors both, but the influence degree are different, and the export openness has expanded the skill-based salary differences overall ; besides, in 2002, the facilitation of ex- port to high-skilled labors and the crowd at the top of the income distribution are larger than that to low-skilled la- bors and the crowd at the bottom of the income distribution ; in 2007, the effects of export is relatively complicated, showing large differences on the effects to different levels, and its effects on the crowd at the bottom of the income distribution are relatively prominent. （2） From industries, export openness show a tendency to narrow salary differ- ences between high and low skills in different industries and responses of high-tech industries are more sensitive ; but for different skill labors, export openness has expanded the salary differences between high and low-tech industries. （3） From the perspective of ownership, export openness has a tendency to narrow skill-based salary differences of units of different ownership patterns, especially foreigner-funded enterprises＇ responses to export openness are more sensitive than enterprises of other ownership patterns. While the salary gap between different ownership patterns grouped by skills is of no obvious expanding trend. The above conclusion has important policy implications：firstly, focus on mining the facilitating function of export openness to low-skilled and low-income group＇s salaries, encour- age the development of export industries with high employment effect ; actively optimize the composition of trade and promote industry upgrading, at the same time, pay attention to the function of the release of export scale effect in absorbing the low-skilled labors. Secondly, attach importance to low-skilled workers＇ skill training and increase hu- man capital input so that to create favorable conditions for labors to upgrade their skill levels;meanwhile, deepen the reform of higher education system, promote the quality-oriented connotation development, and make top talents we educate and cultivate meet the demand structure of the labor market. Thirdly, attach importance to reciprocal effects of trade openness to skill-based salary differences in different industries and ownerships, advance import and export trade balance policies steadily, and slow down multiple segmentations of labor market, ensure that female, less-educated, individual and private enterprise labors can fairly enjoy the benefit of trade opening, and promote the synchronous implementation of income multiplication and salary differences contraction.