CAJ | 학술논문

本文采用更易操作的综合指数法，立足基本公共服务均等化的本质内涵，建立简单可行的指标体系，系统、全面测度评价2003—2012年我国省级政府基本公共服务均等化情况。测度结果表明，我国31个省级地方政府的基本公共服务之间始终存在着较大的差异；与基础教育服务相比，各地医疗卫生和社会保障服务水平较低。论文指出，完善财政转移支付制度、大力发展财源经济，注重提升中西部地区的基本公共服务水平，特别是公共医疗卫生和社会保障服务水平，以及在公共服务的提供中引人市场与社会机制将有助于整体推进我国基本公共服务均等化。
본문채용경역조작적종합지수법，립족기본공공복무균등화적본질내함，건립간단가행적지표체계，계통、전면측도평개2003—2012년아국성급정부기본공공복무균등화정황。측도결과표명，아국31개성급지방정부적기본공공복무지간시종존재착교대적차이；여기출교육복무상비，각지의료위생화사회보장복무수평교저。논문지출，완선재정전이지부제도、대력발전재원경제，주중제승중서부지구적기본공공복무수평，특별시공공의료위생화사회보장복무수평，이급재공공복무적제공중인인시장여사회궤제장유조우정체추진아국기본공공복무균등화。
The national basic public service system ＂Twelfth Five-Year Plan＂ clearly pointed out that China should gradually improve the institutional mechanisms of promoting the region basic public services equalization, provide better public services, such as the fundamental education, public health, social security etc for the social vulnerable groups, social grass-roots, and those living in rural or poor areas, narrow gap of the basic public serv- ices in order to realize the equalization of basic public services. Based on the essence of basic public services equalization, the paper has established a simple and feasible in- dex system, used the easier operation comprehensive index method to measure the equalization level of basic public services, including the equalization of fundamental education, public health and social security of 31 provincial governments during 2003 ~ 2012 in China. And the following conclusions have been drawn： Firstly, improving the transfer payment system of central finance will improve the basic public service equaliza- tion of the Midwest, promote the regional coordination, and narrow the gap of basic public services equalization a- mong the provincial governments. Therefore, the central and local government should take the following measures：（ 1 ） The purpose, principle, standard, shape, scope of the fiscal transfer payment should be defined in the form of law, to make the fiscal transfer payment system into law. （2） Fiscal transfer payment system should be dominated in the vertical form and supplemented in the horizontal form. （3） Government should reduce the proportion of tax re- bates and system subsidies account for fiscal transfer payment, and even cancel them, and enhance the proportion of the balanced transfer payment. New projects should be argued scientifically and approved according to the proce- dure. Government should strengthen the supervision of special transfer payment funds, to make fiscal expenditure reflect the government public service function accurately. Secondly, strengthening the construction of revenue economic will improve basic public services equalization level of the provincial governments in Midwest. Therefore, it＇s necessary to promote the technical transformation and innovation of science and technology of advantage industries there, to enhance the services supporting ability of small and medium-sized enterprise, to foster the key tax sources, and to improve the contribution of tax from the small and medium-sized enterprise to the local finance. Thus enhancing the financial resources of the Midwest pro- vincial governments, and improving the local basic public service supply would narrow the gap of basic public serv- ices between the Midwest and Eastern equalization; Thirdly, according to the huge regional differences of China＇s public health and social security services equali- zation, it is suggested that the central government should ensure that all social members participate in the plan of pension and medical insurance by way of funding or exempting from insurance pay cost etc, and raise the minimum social security standard. In addition, to ensure the low-income groups having equal access to basic public health care and social security services, and promoting the coverage rate of basic social security services continuously will be another useful suggestion. Then, the governments should also promote employment and venture work vigorously, and strive to solve the employment-recruitment-difficulty. At last, the government should ensure all residents to ob- tain the stable income through the employment, and pay more attention to improving social security services equali- zation level of the provincial governments. Fourthly, in the process of promoting the equalization of basic public services, we should be aware of the limi- tation of government financial ability. We should break the traditional mode of the single rely on the government to provide public services. We introduce market mechanism in public services, and integrate the advantage of govern- ment and market, and establish diversified supply mode of basic public service. The level of the middle and west region economy lag behind the east （the northeast） economy, and the government financial resources is becoming more scarce. At this point, it is particularly important to introduce market mechanism in the basic public service provision.