CAJ | 학술논문

中国古代文化中存在着丰富的乐观心理思想，其中以儒家和道家的思想为主要代表。儒家倡导一种有为型的理性、人世、乐得其道的乐观，表现为“仁者不忧”，闻道尽识，忧国忧民，穷达自若，安处困境之乐观。道家主张以内乐外、安时处顺的快乐之道，强调无为型的“至乐无乐”，顺应自然、不妄为的生活方式。弘扬中国古代乐观心理思想中的积极要素，汲取其中对于“道”的遵循与体悟的科学精神，继承持续进取、化忧为乐的精神，扬弃“安贫乐道，随遇而安”等不适应时代发展的消极因素，有助于克服当今部分人存在的悲观性社会认知方式，维护及改善人们的心理健康，提升社会的幸福感。
중국고대문화중존재착봉부적악관심리사상，기중이유가화도가적사상위주요대표。유가창도일충유위형적이성、인세、악득기도적악관，표현위“인자불우”，문도진식，우국우민，궁체자약，안처곤경지악관。도가주장이내악외、안시처순적쾌악지도，강조무위형적“지악무악”，순응자연、불망위적생활방식。홍양중국고대악관심리사상중적적겁요소，급취기중대우“도”적준순여체오적과학정신，계승지속진취、화우위악적정신，양기“안빈악도，수우이안”등불괄응시대발전적소겁인소，유조우극복당금부분인존재적비관성사회인지방식，유호급개선인문적심리건강，제승사회적행복감。
Although recent Chinese philosophers, such as Sun Yat-sen, have generally believed that ＂the main fault of the Chinese people is their inherent pessimism＂, ancient Chinese culture also has a rich tradition of psychological theory that is optimistic in nature. This has had profound implications for Chinese culture and is exemplified, above all, in the Confucian and Taoist philosophies. The optimism propounded by Confucianism is an idealistic one that advocates rationality, involvement in society and taking pleasure in life. It manifests itself in the idea that the person who practices benevolence is free from anxiety, takes a moral attitude to the world, feels concern about the state of the country and its people, endures poverty patiently and remains calm in the face of adversity. The optimism characteristic of Taoism, on the other hand, stresses man＇s oneness with nature and the need to adapt to circumstances as they arise. It advocates the pursuit of a state of conformity with nature and an abstention from reckless behavior, so as to arrive at a point where ＂extreme pleasure is no pleasure＂. Buddhism teaches a way of life aimed at turning suffering into happiness, doing good in order to accumulate merit and devoting oneself to charitable works. By developing and drawing on the positive elements in traditional Chinese psychological thinking, by adhering to its ideas of enterprise and of turning a bad situation into a good one and by rejecting the sort of negative attitude that makes people passively accept a state of poverty or prevents them from aspiring to better themselves, we can help improve our current social climate and maintain and regulate the psychological health of the community. On the basis of previous research conducted in this area the present paper gives a detailed and systematic description of the optimistic psychological thinking underlying traditional Chinese culture. It explores such issues as the relationship between optimism and human psychology, the nature of optimism according to the Confucian and Taoist systems of thought, the realms in which optimism can operate, the channels whereby it can be put into practice and the different ways in which this concept is understood in China and the West. It thus aims to show the wide-ranging implications of optimism as a philosophical position and its significance for present-day society. We also hope that it may lay the foundation for further work on this subject by Chinese researchers in the field of psychology.