CAJ | 학술논문

对立违抗障碍（Oppositional Defiant disorder,ODD）是一组以对权威人物的抗拒、挑衅、公然违抗、敌对等行为为典型特征的破坏性行为障碍。以往众多研究表明，家庭因素是影响ODD及其症状表现的至关重要因素。总结以往文献，将家庭中影响ODD及其症状表现的因素划分为整体水平、互动水平和个体水平三个层面。整体水平主要包括家庭社会经济地位、家庭氛围；互动水平主要是不同子系统的互动状况，包括教养方式、夫妻关系；个体水平主要包括父母的精神健康状况、文化水平、压力、心理控制源和儿童的智力水平、气质特质、其它行为和情绪问题。与之相应的，对ODD及其症状的家庭相关的干预措施中也会涉及到三个层面。干预措施中，父母行为训练模式及其变式都已经被实践和研究证明效果显著。这些变式主要有：不服从儿童帮助项目、亲子互动治疗、顽劣年纪系列以及积极教养计划等。今后研究应该对家庭影响因素进一步整合，并考虑到中国家庭独生子女、隔代抚养、多人管理孩子等的中国文化特点。
대립위항장애（Oppositional Defiant disorder,ODD）시일조이대권위인물적항거、도흔、공연위항、활대등행위위전형특정적파배성행위장애。이왕음다연구표명，가정인소시영향ODD급기증상표현적지관중요인소。총결이왕문헌，장가정중영향ODD급기증상표현적인소화분위정체수평、호동수평화개체수평삼개층면。정체수평주요포괄가정사회경제지위、가정분위；호동수평주요시불동자계통적호동상황，포괄교양방식、부처관계；개체수평주요포괄부모적정신건강상황、문화수평、압력、심리공제원화인동적지력수평、기질특질、기타행위화정서문제。여지상응적，대ODD급기증상적가정상관적간예조시중야회섭급도삼개층면。간예조시중，부모행위훈련모식급기변식도이경피실천화연구증명효과현저。저사변식주요유：불복종인동방조항목、친자호동치료、완렬년기계렬이급적겁교양계화등。금후연구응해대가정영향인소진일보정합，병고필도중국가정독생자녀、격대무양、다인관리해자등적중국문화특점。
Oppositional Defiant Disorder （ODD） is characterized by a pattern of noncompliant, argumentative, angry, hostile and defiant behavior. According to previous studies regarding family factors affecting ODD, these factors can be broken down as follows： whole family interaction including socioeconomic status of family, family environment, family interaction factors including parenting, couple relationship, and individual psychological factors including parents＇ stress, mental health, psychological control, child＇s intelligence, personality, and other behavioral and emotional problems highly related to ODD. For effective prevention and intervention, previous studies have suggested Parent Management Training programs （PMT） and its variations. These variations programs included： Helping the Noncompliant Child, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, Incredible Years Training Series and Triple P-Positive Parenting Program. Future research can be conducted from an integrated perspective that also utilizes observational methodology and considers the special characteristics of Chinese families, such as only child, grandparents as main caregivers, etc.