心理科学
心理科學
심이과학
Psychological Science
2013年
6期
1301~1306
,共null页
崔丽霞 杨洁莹 史光远 张钦 方平
崔麗霞 楊潔瑩 史光遠 張欽 方平
최려하 양길형 사광원 장흠 방평
非自主闯入焦虑 阈下启动效应 特质焦虑
非自主闖入焦慮 閾下啟動效應 特質焦慮
비자주틈입초필 역하계동효응 특질초필
involuntary intrusive anxiety subliminal priming effect trait anxiety
本研究采用阈下情感启动范式, 研究威胁信息启动效应及其特质焦虑的调节作用,旨在揭示焦虑非自主闯入性特点形成的机制。实验在随机的三种条件下(阈上/阈下/基线)给38名被试呈现两种目标词(威胁词和中性词),其中基线条件不呈现目标词;之后要求被试在回避目标词的条件下完成组词任务,结果:(1)无论是中性词还是威胁词,被试阈下条件下目标词的击中率显著高于基线条件;(2)特质焦虑对阈下启动效应起着调节作用:高焦虑组被试威胁词的启动效应显著高于中性词,低焦虑组被试中性词的启动效应显著高于威胁词。结论:阈下启动效应显著,高特质焦虑组个体对威胁信息的无意识加工会增强对威胁信息的意识加工,产生闯入性想法,导致焦虑非自主闯入性的特点。
本研究採用閾下情感啟動範式, 研究威脅信息啟動效應及其特質焦慮的調節作用,旨在揭示焦慮非自主闖入性特點形成的機製。實驗在隨機的三種條件下(閾上/閾下/基線)給38名被試呈現兩種目標詞(威脅詞和中性詞),其中基線條件不呈現目標詞;之後要求被試在迴避目標詞的條件下完成組詞任務,結果:(1)無論是中性詞還是威脅詞,被試閾下條件下目標詞的擊中率顯著高于基線條件;(2)特質焦慮對閾下啟動效應起著調節作用:高焦慮組被試威脅詞的啟動效應顯著高于中性詞,低焦慮組被試中性詞的啟動效應顯著高于威脅詞。結論:閾下啟動效應顯著,高特質焦慮組箇體對威脅信息的無意識加工會增彊對威脅信息的意識加工,產生闖入性想法,導緻焦慮非自主闖入性的特點。
본연구채용역하정감계동범식, 연구위협신식계동효응급기특질초필적조절작용,지재게시초필비자주틈입성특점형성적궤제。실험재수궤적삼충조건하(역상/역하/기선)급38명피시정현량충목표사(위협사화중성사),기중기선조건불정현목표사;지후요구피시재회피목표사적조건하완성조사임무,결과:(1)무론시중성사환시위협사,피시역하조건하목표사적격중솔현저고우기선조건;(2)특질초필대역하계동효응기착조절작용:고초필조피시위협사적계동효응현저고우중성사,저초필조피시중성사적계동효응현저고우위협사。결론:역하계동효응현저,고특질초필조개체대위협신식적무의식가공회증강대위협신식적의식가공,산생틈입성상법,도치초필비자주틈입성적특점。
In the interpretation of involuntary intrusive anxiety, psychologists tended to emphasize the importance of unconscious stimulation. Unconscious processing of threat is a type of automatic processing that is especially relevant to the core symptoms of pathological anxiety and may contribute to the experience of what is perceived as free-floating anxiety in generalised anxiety disorder (Mathews & Mackintosh, 1998). But social phobia, panic and obsessive-compulsive disorder are related to consciousness processing of threat, which are called intrusive thoughts (Li & Zinbarg, 2007). The association between conscious and unconscious threat processing remains unclear. Using subliminal affective priming paradigm, we studied the threat information subliminal priming effect and the moderating role of trait anxiety on it. 38 participants took part in the experiment. In the emotional Stroop task and awareness check, Chinese word sets (including dangerous words and neutral words ) were presented subliminally and supraliminally while the baseline did not present words so corresponding stems could be used to assess baseline completion. Subliminal, supraliminal, and baseline trials were presented in a random order. Each trial began with a word and/ or a mask using the same timing, word lists, colours, and font parameters as in the emotional Stroop task. Following the question (‘‘What’s the word?’’), participants either attempted to report the word or said ‘‘no’’. If a participant ever correctly reported a word in the subliminal condition (as happened for seven subjects), data from all trials were excluded. In the words completion participants were instructed to complete the stem to the first word to come to mind using the Chinese character presented while excluding any word just seen. Given the possibility that the stem led to conscious awareness of the word, the instruction to exclude the word when producing a completion provided a further safeguard against contamination by conscious perception of a word. We hypothesized subliminal word perception could elicit unconscious processing and result in an increased likelihood of using that word in the stem-completion task and there was interaction between trait anxiety and word valence on priming. The results were: (1) The hit rate of the target word in the subliminal trials was significantly higher than the baseline condition; (2) For the high TA group, the priming effect of dangerous words was significantly higher than that of neutral words, while for the low TA group, the priming effect of neutral words was significantly higher than that of dangerous words. We concluded that subliminal priming effect was significant and the unconscious processing of threat information of high TA group enhanced the conscious processing of the threat information leading to the involuntary intrusive anxiety. The findings support the notion that unconscious processing of threat among highly anxious individuals tends to break through into consciousness. A scenario whereby unconscious threat processing among highly anxious individuals leads directly to intrusive anxious thoughts may constitute an important mechanism responsible for the development and maintenance of anxiety.