心理科学
心理科學
심이과학
Psychological Science
2013年
6期
1491~1497
,共null页
心理传记学 生命故事 生命叙事
心理傳記學 生命故事 生命敘事
심리전기학 생명고사 생명서사
psychobiography, life story, life narrative
心理传记学是采用心理学的理论和方法来研究非凡人物生命故事的一门学问。文章对百余年来国际心理传记学的发展状况进行了回顾,将其发展分为三个阶段:案例研究阶段、理论探索阶段和学科发展阶段。该学科在传主资料的筛选与处理方法、解释模型等理论研究方面已获得了较丰富的成果,并已形成三个稳定的研究领域。在我国开展心理传记学研究,要避免人物研究的病理化倾向和艺术式的纯质化道路,并加强应用探讨以及着手进行中国杰出心理学家的心理传记研究。
心理傳記學是採用心理學的理論和方法來研究非凡人物生命故事的一門學問。文章對百餘年來國際心理傳記學的髮展狀況進行瞭迴顧,將其髮展分為三箇階段:案例研究階段、理論探索階段和學科髮展階段。該學科在傳主資料的篩選與處理方法、解釋模型等理論研究方麵已穫得瞭較豐富的成果,併已形成三箇穩定的研究領域。在我國開展心理傳記學研究,要避免人物研究的病理化傾嚮和藝術式的純質化道路,併加彊應用探討以及著手進行中國傑齣心理學傢的心理傳記研究。
심리전기학시채용심이학적이론화방법래연구비범인물생명고사적일문학문。문장대백여년래국제심리전기학적발전상황진행료회고,장기발전분위삼개계단:안례연구계단、이론탐색계단화학과발전계단。해학과재전주자료적사선여처리방법、해석모형등이론연구방면이획득료교봉부적성과,병이형성삼개은정적연구영역。재아국개전심리전기학연구,요피면인물연구적병이화경향화예술식적순질화도로,병가강응용탐토이급착수진행중국걸출심이학가적심리전기연구。
Psyehobiography is a discipline which uses the psychological theorie,; and methods to study the life story of extraordinary people. It could be viewed as a sub - discipline of personality psychology from the developmental history of psychobiography. The paper introduced the development process of international psychobiography for the past century, dividing it into three periods, that is, the period of case study ( 1910s - 1970s), the period of the preliminary foundation of the liscipline (or the period of theoretical exploration of the discipline,1980 -2005), and the period of disciplinary development (2005 -present). The first psychobiographical work - Leonardo da Vinci and a Memory of His Childhood was written by Freud in 1910. Ever since then, over the past 7 decades, the psychobiographical work almost had used the psychoanalytic theories to interpret the life stories of extraordinary people, which is the reason why it is also called the period of psychoanalytic psychobiography. Because of the problems such as the pathological tendency of the studies, recon- struction of the history of the subject~ childhood, and the utter dependence on the early - childhoodexperience to interpret the personali- ty and behavior of the subjects, the psychobiographicalresearch was widely criticized. The first theoretical book of psychobiography was published in 1982, and several other books were published later, which try to :solve the above criticism from a theatrical perspective. The handbook of psychobiography which was edited by Schultz and was published in 2005 became the hallmark of the foundation of the psychobiography, and indicates that the psychobiographical studies have entered the period of disciplinary development. In the 21st cen- tury, the development of psychobiography has become a worldwide phenomenon. Apart from the U. S. A, China and South Africa are currently the two fastest growing countries in the field of psychobiography. A lot of fruitful achievements in the theoretical research of psychobiography have been made. In terms of data management methods, several new methods were proposed, for example, principal identifier: of salience (Alexander, 1988,1990), prototypical scene (Schuhz,2002,2005) and life story model of identity (McAdams, 1996,2001 ). About interpretive models or research approaches, Crosby et al. (1981) proposed two models: causal interpretive model and coherent -whole interpretive model. Runyan (1988) proposed the model of eight ComponentProcesses. Some researchers of psychobiography put forward the assessment criteria of psychobiographical work quality ( Runyan, 1988 ; Schuhz, 2005 ). For the psychobiographical case studies, three subfields had been formed, namely, the pscychobiographical study of political fig- ures (political psychobiography) which mainly explores the relationship among the personality of politicians, their life story and their political behaviors. The psychobiographical study of psychologists mainly explores the relationship between the theories which psycholo- gists proposed and their life stories. The pscychobiographical study of artists and writers mainly explores the relationship between their life stories and their literary or artistic works. Moreover, a new field called comparative psychobiography has gradually come into being. In China, study in psyehobiography should avoid pathological tendency and pure qualitative research of artistic form. Research should be strengthened to apply psychobiography, especially, its application in the fields of psychological counseling, education and hu- man resources management, and should embark on the psychobiographical study of Chinese outstanding psychologists.