CAJ | 학술논문

对于卢梭的自然状态说学界一直众说纷纭,争论主要围绕着卢梭思想中的“自然状态”是一种事实还是一种假设展开,因为卢梭在阐释其自然状态说的过程中,以独立而非理性的自然人假设代替合群且兼具理性的自然人假设,并得出“自然状态”实乃人类“黄金时代”的结论,继而又以“自然状态”作为逻辑前提来构思其社会契约理论.其实,这种看似混乱的思维正是缘于卢梭在现世关怀的基础上,立足于批判现实社会与构建理想政治秩序而赋予了自然状态双重内涵——历史自然状态与法理自然状态,其目的在于将历史自然状态作为标杆对异化社会进行批判,将法理自然状态作为其政治思想的出发点构建“理想国”.
대우로사적자연상태설학계일직음설분운,쟁론주요위요착로사사상중적“자연상태”시일충사실환시일충가설전개,인위로사재천석기자연상태설적과정중,이독립이비이성적자연인가설대체합군차겸구이성적자연인가설,병득출“자연상태”실내인류“황금시대”적결론,계이우이“자연상태”작위라집전제래구사기사회계약이론.기실,저충간사혼란적사유정시연우로사재현세관부적기출상,립족우비판현실사회여구건이상정치질서이부여료자연상태쌍중내함——역사자연상태여법리자연상태,기목적재우장역사자연상태작위표간대이화사회진행비판,장법리자연상태작위기정치사상적출발점구건“이상국”.
There is a wide spectrum of opinions on Rousseau＇s theory of nature state in academic community, and scholars＇ focus their discussions on the authenticity of nature state, indicating their divergences on whether the nature state of Rousseau＇s theory is a reality or a hypothesis. Because the hypothesis of social and rational primitive is replaced by that of the independent and irrational primitive in Rousseau＇s theory about nature state and be concludes that the nature state is the golden age in the history of people, he conceives his social contract theory on the premise of the nature state. In fact, the reason of Rousseau＇s seemingly chaotic thought is his intention to animadvert upon the reechy society and design the ideal political system. He thinks that there are two kinds of nature state： historical nature state and the nomological one based on the attention of reality. In other words, Rousseau criticizes the catabolic society on the strength of historical nature state and conceives Utopia on the foundation of nomologieal nature state.