法律科学：西北政法学院学报
法律科學：西北政法學院學報
법률과학：서북정법학원학보
Science of Law
2013年
6期
149~158
,共null页
犯罪参与体系 区分制 正犯 共犯
犯罪參與體繫 區分製 正犯 共犯
범죄삼여체계 구분제 정범 공범
system of criminal participation; system of differentiating between the principal and the accomplice; prin-cipal; accomplice
世界各国刑法关于犯罪参与体系的立法存在着“区分制”与“单一制”的对立。区别两种犯罪参与体系的关键在于立法上是否将参与人区分为正犯与狭义的共犯两种不同的犯罪类型。因区分制具有能够深入地揭示现实生活中所存在的纷繁芜杂的共犯分工现象，适合于构筑“构成要件为中心”的法治国的刑法基础以及能够合理地限定共犯的处罚范围等诸多优点，在制度的层面上更具妥当性。在解释论上，中国的犯罪参与体系的性质可归结为区分制。不同于德、日刑法对参与人类型与参与人程度进行单层次操作的区分制模式，中国刑法采取的是区分参与人类型与参与人程度的双层次操作的模式，即在以分工为标准将参与人区分为正犯、组织犯、教唆犯、帮助犯等不同犯罪类型的基础上，进一步地以作用为标准对参与人作了主、从犯之分。两种分类方法并存不悖，且功能各异。
世界各國刑法關于犯罪參與體繫的立法存在著“區分製”與“單一製”的對立。區彆兩種犯罪參與體繫的關鍵在于立法上是否將參與人區分為正犯與狹義的共犯兩種不同的犯罪類型。因區分製具有能夠深入地揭示現實生活中所存在的紛繁蕪雜的共犯分工現象，適閤于構築“構成要件為中心”的法治國的刑法基礎以及能夠閤理地限定共犯的處罰範圍等諸多優點，在製度的層麵上更具妥噹性。在解釋論上，中國的犯罪參與體繫的性質可歸結為區分製。不同于德、日刑法對參與人類型與參與人程度進行單層次操作的區分製模式，中國刑法採取的是區分參與人類型與參與人程度的雙層次操作的模式，即在以分工為標準將參與人區分為正犯、組織犯、教唆犯、幫助犯等不同犯罪類型的基礎上，進一步地以作用為標準對參與人作瞭主、從犯之分。兩種分類方法併存不悖，且功能各異。
세계각국형법관우범죄삼여체계적입법존재착“구분제”여“단일제”적대립。구별량충범죄삼여체계적관건재우입법상시부장삼여인구분위정범여협의적공범량충불동적범죄류형。인구분제구유능구심입지게시현실생활중소존재적분번무잡적공범분공현상，괄합우구축“구성요건위중심”적법치국적형법기출이급능구합리지한정공범적처벌범위등제다우점，재제도적층면상경구타당성。재해석론상，중국적범죄삼여체계적성질가귀결위구분제。불동우덕、일형법대삼여인류형여삼여인정도진행단층차조작적구분제모식，중국형법채취적시구분삼여인류형여삼여인정도적쌍층차조작적모식，즉재이분공위표준장삼여인구분위정범、조직범、교사범、방조범등불동범죄류형적기출상，진일보지이작용위표준대삼여인작료주、종범지분。량충분류방법병존불패，차공능각이。
In the legislation of the criminal participation in most countries, there are two basic opposite modes, i. e. , the system of all participants being regarded as the perpetrator and the system of differentiating between the principal and the accomplice. The key to distinguish two kinds of systems is whether the participants are distinguished as two different types of crime ： perpetrator and narrow accomplice by the criminal law. Because the latter system has many advantages of further revealing the complicated phenomena in the real world of the division of criminal participation, being suitable for the construction of a state ruling by law on the basis of constitutive requirements, and reasonably restricting the punishment range of complicity, and so on, The system of differentiation is more appropriate in the system aspect. According to the in- terpretative theory, the nature of the accomplice system in Chinese Criminal Law may boil down to the system of differentia- ting between perpetrator and accomplice. Chinese Criminal Law adopts the distinction mode of double - layer＇ s operation to distinguish function and role of participants, that is, it divides the participants into different types of crime of perpetrator, organizing offender, abettor and accessory. Simultaneous ,it divides the participants into principal criminal and accessorial criminal based on the standard of their role furthermore. These two methods of classification co - exist without contradiction and play their role respectively.
