中国农史
中國農史
중국농사
Agricultural History of China
2013年
6期
58~66
,共null页
自然灾害 社会危机 衰落缘由 乾隆盛世
自然災害 社會危機 衰落緣由 乾隆盛世
자연재해 사회위궤 쇠락연유 건륭성세
natural calamity; social crisis; reason of decline; Qianlong prosperity
学界将乾隆盛世衰落之主因归结于乾隆朝日益凸显的三大隐患：人口膨胀、物价持续上涨和皇权过度膨胀。但实际上，其时频仍、严重的灾害，造成了农业经济损失惨重，灾民生命财产安全和基本生存条件缺乏保障；灾害救助使国家财政不堪重负，并在灾民面前充分暴露了吏治的腐败；灾民流离载道，多种形式的反抗斗争连绵不断；等等。天灾严重威胁着乾隆朝的民众生命财产安全、国家粮食安全和财政安全。影响着民心的向背及社会稳定等，引发了多方位和深层次的社会危机，实乃乾隆盛世衰落的主因之一。
學界將乾隆盛世衰落之主因歸結于乾隆朝日益凸顯的三大隱患：人口膨脹、物價持續上漲和皇權過度膨脹。但實際上，其時頻仍、嚴重的災害，造成瞭農業經濟損失慘重，災民生命財產安全和基本生存條件缺乏保障；災害救助使國傢財政不堪重負，併在災民麵前充分暴露瞭吏治的腐敗；災民流離載道，多種形式的反抗鬥爭連綿不斷；等等。天災嚴重威脅著乾隆朝的民衆生命財產安全、國傢糧食安全和財政安全。影響著民心的嚮揹及社會穩定等，引髮瞭多方位和深層次的社會危機，實迺乾隆盛世衰落的主因之一。
학계장건륭성세쇠락지주인귀결우건륭조일익철현적삼대은환：인구팽창、물개지속상창화황권과도팽창。단실제상，기시빈잉、엄중적재해，조성료농업경제손실참중，재민생명재산안전화기본생존조건결핍보장；재해구조사국가재정불감중부，병재재민면전충분폭로료리치적부패；재민류리재도，다충형식적반항두쟁련면불단；등등。천재엄중위협착건륭조적민음생명재산안전、국가양식안전화재정안전。영향착민심적향배급사회은정등，인발료다방위화심층차적사회위궤，실내건륭성세쇠락적주인지일。
As for declining causes of Qianlong prosperity, academic circles the three big hidden troubles protruding obvious in the Qianlong dynasty： Population expands, prices continues going up and the excessive expansion of imperial power. But Qianlong dynasty has too many natural calamities, leads to agricultural econ- omy is gradually bleak, the state revenue is gradually deficient, work-styles and achievements of officials is further rotten and exposed, the basic living conditions and the safety of people＇s life and property of the flood victims are lack of security, the victims of natural disaster are roaming about everywhere etc.. Natural calami- ties the safety of people＇s life and property, food and financial safety, cause society crises widely and seriously, and ought to be one main reason for the decline of Qianlong Prosperity.
