CAJ | 학술논문

研究旨在考察老年人错误记忆现象及内在原因，并检验模糊痕迹理论对错误记忆年老化机制的解释。以经典DRM范式为研究起点，对三组被试（年轻人35名、低龄老人28名、高龄老人34名）的记忆成绩进行比较，利用联合再认范式及多项式树型建模的统计手段，分别从现象学和认知加工机制的角度检验错误记忆的年龄差异是否符合模糊痕迹理论的预期。结果发现：（1）正确记忆与错误记忆均存在显著的年龄差异，而这两种记忆在不同年龄阶段的老年人中呈现出不同的增龄效应模式：正确记忆随年龄的增长呈不断下降的趋势，而错误记忆水平呈现倒u型发展趋势，即低龄老年组的虚报率显著高于年轻组和高龄老年组；（2）虚报率的年龄差异主要集中在未学习过但与学习词列有强语义相关的刺激（类型记为R）反应上。对R型刺激的反应模式进行分析发现，低龄老年人相比年轻人成功提取字面痕迹的概率存在显著下降，而提取要点痕迹的概率保持相对稳定；高龄老年人成功提取要点痕迹的概率相比低龄老年人显著下降。本研究的结果支持了模糊痕迹理论对个体记忆一般年老化特点的预期及解释．．
연구지재고찰노년인착오기억현상급내재원인，병검험모호흔적이론대착오기억년노화궤제적해석。이경전DRM범식위연구기점，대삼조피시（년경인35명、저령노인28명、고령노인34명）적기억성적진행비교，이용연합재인범식급다항식수형건모적통계수단，분별종현상학화인지가공궤제적각도검험착오기억적년령차이시부부합모호흔적이론적예기。결과발현：（1）정학기억여착오기억균존재현저적년령차이，이저량충기억재불동년령계단적노년인중정현출불동적증령효응모식：정학기억수년령적증장정불단하강적추세，이착오기억수평정현도u형발전추세，즉저령노년조적허보솔현저고우년경조화고령노년조；（2）허보솔적년령차이주요집중재미학습과단여학습사렬유강어의상관적자격（류형기위R）반응상。대R형자격적반응모식진행분석발현，저령노년인상비년경인성공제취자면흔적적개솔존재현저하강，이제취요점흔적적개솔보지상대은정；고령노년인성공제취요점흔적적개솔상비저령노년인현저하강。본연구적결과지지료모호흔적이론대개체기억일반년노화특점적예기급해석．．
The present study aimed at validating the Fuzzy-Trace Theory （FTT） when predicating the performance and explaining the mechanisms of aging effects on false memory. Three age groups were enrolled including 35 young adults, 28 old adults, and 34 old-old adults. Based on DRM, a simplified conjoint recognition paradigm was used to detect false memory. The muhinomial processing tree model （MPT） was adopted as the statistics techniques. The results showed that （ 1 ） The age-related differences in both true and false memory were found to be significant, but the aging effects showed inconsistent patterns. Specifically, the performance of true memory decreased with aging progressively, nonetheless, the performance of false memory was in a reverse U shape with old adults presented more false memory than the other two groups ; （2） The age differences on responses to RELATED probes were significantly founded. Statistics with MPT showed that the probability of retrieving the target＇s verbatim trace declined in the old group; however, the probability of retrieving the target＇s gist trace declined significantly in the old-old group. The above findings evidently supported the viewpoints on the development of false memory and the mechanisms of aging effects which were proposed by FTT, within DRM paradigm.