中国体育科技
中國體育科技
중국체육과기
China Sport Science and Technology
2014年
1期
23~28
,共null页
刘海斌 夏培玲 元文学 孟昭莉
劉海斌 夏培玲 元文學 孟昭莉
류해빈 하배령 원문학 맹소리
起跑器 旋转角度 测力平台 蹬伸力
起跑器 鏇轉角度 測力平檯 蹬伸力
기포기 선전각도 측력평태 등신력
starting blocks rotational angle force plates pushoff force
目的:比较分析不同起跑器抵脚板水平旋转角度对运动员起跑蹬伸力的影响。方法:以大学高水平男子短跑运动员为实验对象,将改造的抵脚板分别安装于两台三维测力平台上。实验对象按照个人习惯对起跑器长度和倾斜度进行调节设置,设置完成后不做改变。实验只对起跑器水平旋转角度进行控制,共设定4种条件:1)两支抵脚板均外旋0。;2)两支抵脚板均外旋2.5;3)两支抵脚板均外旋5;4)运动员根据前3种抵脚板外旋角度的主观体验,对两支抵脚板转角分别进行个性化调整。通过测力平台对4种实验条件下运动员起跑前、后脚蹬伸力幅值和时间特征进行记录。结论:1)带有旋转角度的前抵脚板在x、Y和Z方向均增加了起跑蹬伸力峰值,尤其在X方向更为显著;虽然后抵脚板在X方向减小蹬伸力峰值,但其增加了Y和Z方向蹬伸力峰值,尤其是最佳转角在Y方向增加lO%的向前推力;2)2.5。转角几乎没有改变前、后脚蹬伸力出现时相,但5。和最佳转角改变了蹬伸力峰值出现时相;3)5。转角显著性地缩短蹬离时间0.0166s,最佳转角缩短蹬离时间0.0063S;4)带有旋转角度的抵脚板有利于运动员起跑后第一步侧向蹬伸,减少蹬伸侧滑现象。建议未来起跑器改进与优化应重点考虑抵脚板水平旋转角度因素。
目的:比較分析不同起跑器牴腳闆水平鏇轉角度對運動員起跑蹬伸力的影響。方法:以大學高水平男子短跑運動員為實驗對象,將改造的牴腳闆分彆安裝于兩檯三維測力平檯上。實驗對象按照箇人習慣對起跑器長度和傾斜度進行調節設置,設置完成後不做改變。實驗隻對起跑器水平鏇轉角度進行控製,共設定4種條件:1)兩支牴腳闆均外鏇0。;2)兩支牴腳闆均外鏇2.5;3)兩支牴腳闆均外鏇5;4)運動員根據前3種牴腳闆外鏇角度的主觀體驗,對兩支牴腳闆轉角分彆進行箇性化調整。通過測力平檯對4種實驗條件下運動員起跑前、後腳蹬伸力幅值和時間特徵進行記錄。結論:1)帶有鏇轉角度的前牴腳闆在x、Y和Z方嚮均增加瞭起跑蹬伸力峰值,尤其在X方嚮更為顯著;雖然後牴腳闆在X方嚮減小蹬伸力峰值,但其增加瞭Y和Z方嚮蹬伸力峰值,尤其是最佳轉角在Y方嚮增加lO%的嚮前推力;2)2.5。轉角幾乎沒有改變前、後腳蹬伸力齣現時相,但5。和最佳轉角改變瞭蹬伸力峰值齣現時相;3)5。轉角顯著性地縮短蹬離時間0.0166s,最佳轉角縮短蹬離時間0.0063S;4)帶有鏇轉角度的牴腳闆有利于運動員起跑後第一步側嚮蹬伸,減少蹬伸側滑現象。建議未來起跑器改進與優化應重點攷慮牴腳闆水平鏇轉角度因素。
목적:비교분석불동기포기저각판수평선전각도대운동원기포등신력적영향。방법:이대학고수평남자단포운동원위실험대상,장개조적저각판분별안장우량태삼유측력평태상。실험대상안조개인습관대기포기장도화경사도진행조절설치,설치완성후불주개변。실험지대기포기수평선전각도진행공제,공설정4충조건:1)량지저각판균외선0。;2)량지저각판균외선2.5;3)량지저각판균외선5;4)운동원근거전3충저각판외선각도적주관체험,대량지저각판전각분별진행개성화조정。통과측력평태대4충실험조건하운동원기포전、후각등신력폭치화시간특정진행기록。결론:1)대유선전각도적전저각판재x、Y화Z방향균증가료기포등신력봉치,우기재X방향경위현저;수연후저각판재X방향감소등신력봉치,단기증가료Y화Z방향등신력봉치,우기시최가전각재Y방향증가lO%적향전추력;2)2.5。전각궤호몰유개변전、후각등신력출현시상,단5。화최가전각개변료등신력봉치출현시상;3)5。전각현저성지축단등리시간0.0166s,최가전각축단등리시간0.0063S;4)대유선전각도적저각판유리우운동원기포후제일보측향등신,감소등신측활현상。건의미래기포기개진여우화응중점고필저각판수평선전각도인소。
Objective: The pilot study was conducted to examine the effects of starting blocks with horizontal rotational angle (blocks with HRA) on sprinters, the main purpose is to pro- vide theoretical and experimental data for designing and optimization of starting blocks. Meth- ods: College sprinters were recruited as subjects and starting blocks redesigned was fixed on two force plates in separately. Subjects adjusted the width and length of two blocks according to their own habits. We chose the horizontal angle of blocks as independent variable which has 4 levels : 1 ) 2 blocks were rotated for 0~ ~ 2) 2 blocks were rotated for 2.5 o ~ 3 ) 2 blocks were rotated for 5~~4) 2 blocks were rotated according to their own subjective experience (subjec- tive angle). 2 force plates were used to record the force exerted by forefoot and hindfoot during sprint starting. Conclusion : 1) the blocks with HRA increased significantly the pushoff force of forefoot and decreased the force of hindfoot at X direction. And it increased the force on the forefoot and hindfoot at Y and Z direction, especially, subjective angle increased the force on hindfoot at Y direction by 10 %. 2 ) 2. 5 almostly didn ~ t change the time phase, but 5~ and subjective HRA changed the corresponding time phase. 3) 5~HRA sharply shortened the push- off time by 0. 0166s and subjective HRA by 0. 0063s. 4) It is advantageous for sprinters to start their first step from block with HRA to side direction, may lower the probability of slip- ping from block. It suggests that HRA should be considered for designing and improving the next generation of the starting blocks.