CAJ | 학술논문

通过比较竞技水平及不同位置排球运动员有氧、无氧能力的差异，探讨优秀女子大学生排球运动员有氧、无氧能力特征与规律，为运动员赛前身体机能评定及训练安排提供理论与实践依据。以参加全国女子大学生排球联赛的32名优秀运动员为测试对象，利用跑台和功率自行车等仪器，对受试者进行有氧递增负荷和30S最大极限负荷运动：在测试过程中，分别记录运动员有氧能力相关气体、功率和血乳酸指标及无氧能力相关功率和血乳酸指标等，并对运动员各阶段生理、生化指标动态变化规律进行分析和总结。结果显示，优秀女子大学生排球运动员整体有氧、无氧能力与其他耐力、爆发性运动项目的优秀大学生运动员存在一定差距；随着竞技能力、竞技水平、竞技成绩的不断提高，排球运动员有氧、无氧能力表现出较高水平；通过有氧递增负荷运动过程中运动员V021Tk3．X、HR、BLA、PlTlax、无氧乳酸阈等指标动态变化规律，显示不同位置排球运动员心肺能力、负荷强度、耐乳酸能力等存在显著差异；通过最大极限负荷运动过程中运动员PP、AP、PD、BLA等动态变化规律，显示不同位置排球运动员绝对力量、力量耐力、速度耐力等存在显著差异。结论：优秀女子大学生排球运动员有氧、无氧能力存在位置特征，有氧能力特征大致表现为：副攻〉二传〉接应〉主攻〉自由人运动员；无氧能力特征大致表现为：1）无氧磷酸原供能特征为：副攻〉自由人〉主攻〉接应〉二传运动员；2）无氧乳酸供能特征为：主攻〉接应〉二传〉副攻〉自由人。研究提示：排球运动员训练时应该遵循自身专项位置特征，制定符合专项能力的生物能量训练方案和计划，另外，女子大学生排球运动员在训练时应加强对主攻运动员能力的培养，在制定战术体系时主攻运动员应多参与战术配合。通過比較競技水平及不同位置排毬運動員有氧、無氧能力的差異，探討優秀女子大學生排毬運動員有氧、無氧能力特徵與規律，為運動員賽前身體機能評定及訓練安排提供理論與實踐依據。以參加全國女子大學生排毬聯賽的32名優秀運動員為測試對象，利用跑檯和功率自行車等儀器，對受試者進行有氧遞增負荷和30S最大極限負荷運動：在測試過程中，分彆記錄運動員有氧能力相關氣體、功率和血乳痠指標及無氧能力相關功率和血乳痠指標等，併對運動員各階段生理、生化指標動態變化規律進行分析和總結。結果顯示，優秀女子大學生排毬運動員整體有氧、無氧能力與其他耐力、爆髮性運動項目的優秀大學生運動員存在一定差距；隨著競技能力、競技水平、競技成績的不斷提高，排毬運動員有氧、無氧能力錶現齣較高水平；通過有氧遞增負荷運動過程中運動員V021Tk3．X、HR、BLA、PlTlax、無氧乳痠閾等指標動態變化規律，顯示不同位置排毬運動員心肺能力、負荷彊度、耐乳痠能力等存在顯著差異；通過最大極限負荷運動過程中運動員PP、AP、PD、BLA等動態變化規律，顯示不同位置排毬運動員絕對力量、力量耐力、速度耐力等存在顯著差異。結論：優秀女子大學生排毬運動員有氧、無氧能力存在位置特徵，有氧能力特徵大緻錶現為：副攻〉二傳〉接應〉主攻〉自由人運動員；無氧能力特徵大緻錶現為：1）無氧燐痠原供能特徵為：副攻〉自由人〉主攻〉接應〉二傳運動員；2）無氧乳痠供能特徵為：主攻〉接應〉二傳〉副攻〉自由人。研究提示：排毬運動員訓練時應該遵循自身專項位置特徵，製定符閤專項能力的生物能量訓練方案和計劃，另外，女子大學生排毬運動員在訓練時應加彊對主攻運動員能力的培養，在製定戰術體繫時主攻運動員應多參與戰術配閤。
통과비교경기수평급불동위치배구운동원유양、무양능력적차이，탐토우수녀자대학생배구운동원유양、무양능력특정여규률，위운동원새전신체궤능평정급훈련안배제공이론여실천의거。이삼가전국녀자대학생배구련새적32명우수운동원위측시대상，이용포태화공솔자행차등의기，대수시자진행유양체증부하화30S최대겁한부하운동：재측시과정중，분별기록운동원유양능력상관기체、공솔화혈유산지표급무양능력상관공솔화혈유산지표등，병대운동원각계단생리、생화지표동태변화규률진행분석화총결。결과현시，우수녀자대학생배구운동원정체유양、무양능력여기타내력、폭발성운동항목적우수대학생운동원존재일정차거；수착경기능력、경기수평、경기성적적불단제고，배구운동원유양、무양능력표현출교고수평；통과유양체증부하운동과정중운동원V021Tk3．X、HR、BLA、PlTlax、무양유산역등지표동태변화규률，현시불동위치배구운동원심폐능력、부하강도、내유산능력등존재현저차이；통과최대겁한부하운동과정중운동원PP、AP、PD、BLA등동태변화규률，현시불동위치배구운동원절대역량、역량내력、속도내력등존재현저차이。결론：우수녀자대학생배구운동원유양、무양능력존재위치특정，유양능력특정대치표현위：부공〉이전〉접응〉주공〉자유인운동원；무양능력특정대치표현위：1）무양린산원공능특정위：부공〉자유인〉주공〉접응〉이전운동원；2）무양유산공능특정위：주공〉접응〉이전〉부공〉자유인。연구제시：배구운동원훈련시응해준순자신전항위치특정，제정부합전항능력적생물능량훈련방안화계화，령외，녀자대학생배구운동원재훈련시응가강대주공운동원능력적배양，재제정전술체계시주공운동원응다삼여전술배합。
This paper probes into the characteristics and regularities of aerobic and anaerobic ca- pabilities of female college student volleyball players by comparing the differences in terms of competitive levels as well as aerobic and anaerobic capabilities of athletes in different positions and provides the theoretical and practical basis for evaluating the pre-eompetition physical con- ditions of athletes and arranging the training. 32 excellent female college student athletes par- ticipating in the National University Female Student Volleyball League are taken as testing ob- jects, and these subjects will go through aerobic incremental load exercise and the maximum peak load exercise on treadmills and cycle ergometers. During the test, aerobic-capability rela- tive gases, rates of work and blood lactic acid indicators as well as anaerobic-capability rates of work and blood lactic acid indicators are recorded respectively. At last, detailed analysis and summary have been made in terms of the dynamic variation rule of physical and biochemical in- dexes among athletes in each phase. The results have shown that there is a certain gap between the overall aerobic and anaerobic capability of excellent female college volleyball players and that of college athletes engaged in endurance exercise and explosive movement, with a higher level presented by the former. In the aerobic incremental load exercise, the dynamic variation rule of VO2 max, HR, BLA, Pmax and AT indicates dramatic differences as to heart and lung capacity, load intensity and lactic acid resistance of players under different loads ; In the maxi- mum peak load exercise, the dynamic variation rule of PP, AP, PD and BLA indicates dramatic differences as to the absolute strength, power endurance and speed endurance of athletes under different loads. Conclusions The aerobic and anaerobic capability of our female volleyball play- ers is position-featured. The general characteristics of aerobic capability are shown as follows~ middle hitters〉setters）opposites〉outside hitters〉the libero; while in terms of that of anae- robic capability, energy supply is done by anaerobic phosphoric acid and anaerobic lactic acid, 1 ） for the former, middle hitters ~ the libero ~ outside hitters ~ opposites ~ setters ; 2 ） for the latter, outside hitters~opposites~setters）middle hitters）the lihero. Hint During the train- ing, volleyball players should follow their own special position features and make out the bio- logical energy training program in accordance with special field skill. In addition, for female vol- leyball players, the capability of outside hitters ought to be strengthened; with regard to the de- sign of tactics system, outside hitters should involve more efforts in tactics coordination.