CAJ | 학술논문

当代分配正义理论中的机会均等思想被引入收入分配研究。经济学家将机会均等思想公式化，并从如下三个方面扩展收入分配研究：（1）经验测度现实社会收入分配机会不均等状况；（2）设计与评价收入分配机会均等化政策；（3）将分配不公定义为机会不均等，并考察其对长期经济发展的影响。基于对上述研究进展的评述，得到如下结论与启示：（1）当前各国收入差距中相当比例源于机会不均，在中国最重要的机会不均因素是社会关系，这为通过机会均等化缓解收入差距提供了经验依据；（2）机会均等思想可操作，罗默的EOp分析框架能帮助我们基于经验数据事先设计与事后评价机会均等化政策；（3）理论与实证分析均表明，机会不均对经济绩效具有负向效应，公平与效率并不冲突。
당대분배정의이론중적궤회균등사상피인입수입분배연구。경제학가장궤회균등사상공식화，병종여하삼개방면확전수입분배연구：（1）경험측도현실사회수입분배궤회불균등상황；（2）설계여평개수입분배궤회균등화정책；（3）장분배불공정의위궤회불균등，병고찰기대장기경제발전적영향。기우대상술연구진전적평술，득도여하결론여계시：（1）당전각국수입차거중상당비례원우궤회불균，재중국최중요적궤회불균인소시사회관계，저위통과궤회균등화완해수입차거제공료경험의거；（2）궤회균등사상가조작，라묵적EOp분석광가능방조아문기우경험수거사선설계여사후평개궤회균등화정책；（3）이론여실증분석균표명，궤회불균대경제적효구유부향효응，공평여효솔병불충돌。
The idea of equality of opportunity from contemporary theory ot chstrxbut：ve justice pavea its way m- to the research of income distribution. Economists formalized this idea and extended income distribution research a- long the following three lines：（1） empirically measuring inequality of opportunity in income distribution; （2） for- mulating and evaluating policies aimed at promoting equality of opportunity, and （3） defining distributive injustice as inequality of opportunity and exploring its impact on long-term economic growth. With a thorough survey of the research progress, the article draws conclusions and implications as follow：（1） A considerable proportion of in- come inequality derives from inequality of opportunity in the current world, and the most important inequality of opportunity factor is social relation in China, while these facts show that we can substantially ease income inequali- ty through opportunity equalization; （2） The idea of equality of opportunity is operable, and we can use Roemer＇ s EOp analytical framework to design and evaluate the equal opportunity policy based on empirical data; （3） Theo- retical analyses and empirical evidences shows that inequality of opportunity has negative effects on economic per- formance, and there＇s no tradeoff between equity and efficiency.