教育研究
教育研究
교육연구
Educational Research
2014年
1期
74~83
,共null页
高等教育 人才供求 转型发展
高等教育 人纔供求 轉型髮展
고등교육 인재공구 전형발전
higher education, demand and supply of talents, transformation development
2012年我国高等教育在校生总人数已达到《教育规划纲要》2020年的预期规模。2011—2020年间,我国高等教育毕业生累计总规模将达到一亿人,其中普通高校毕业生为7000万人。在20世纪90年代,普通高校毕业生数仅能满足白领岗位需求的三分之一;新世纪前十年,普通高校毕业生数已开始大于白领岗位总需求人数;未来十年,普通高校毕业生有40%左右须进入蓝领岗位就业,成为知识型工人、知识型农民和知识技能型商业服务人员。即使未来十年高等教育总招生规模按年均1.5%低速增长,2020年我国高等教育总规模也将突破4000万人,有望提前进入高等教育普及化阶段。这一形势的重大变化呼唤高等教育转型发展,要求各级各类高等学校重新科学定位与合理分工,并在科类专业结构和人才培养规格方面做出重大调整。
2012年我國高等教育在校生總人數已達到《教育規劃綱要》2020年的預期規模。2011—2020年間,我國高等教育畢業生纍計總規模將達到一億人,其中普通高校畢業生為7000萬人。在20世紀90年代,普通高校畢業生數僅能滿足白領崗位需求的三分之一;新世紀前十年,普通高校畢業生數已開始大于白領崗位總需求人數;未來十年,普通高校畢業生有40%左右鬚進入藍領崗位就業,成為知識型工人、知識型農民和知識技能型商業服務人員。即使未來十年高等教育總招生規模按年均1.5%低速增長,2020年我國高等教育總規模也將突破4000萬人,有望提前進入高等教育普及化階段。這一形勢的重大變化呼喚高等教育轉型髮展,要求各級各類高等學校重新科學定位與閤理分工,併在科類專業結構和人纔培養規格方麵做齣重大調整。
2012년아국고등교육재교생총인수이체도《교육규화강요》2020년적예기규모。2011—2020년간,아국고등교육필업생루계총규모장체도일억인,기중보통고교필업생위7000만인。재20세기90년대,보통고교필업생수부능만족백령강위수구적삼분지일;신세기전십년,보통고교필업생수이개시대우백령강위총수구인수;미래십년,보통고교필업생유40%좌우수진입람령강위취업,성위지식형공인、지식형농민화지식기능형상업복무인원。즉사미래십년고등교육총초생규모안년균1.5%저속증장,2020년아국고등교육총규모야장돌파4000만인,유망제전진입고등교육보급화계단。저일형세적중대변화호환고등교육전형발전,요구각급각류고등학교중신과학정위여합리분공,병재과류전업결구화인재배양규격방면주출중대조정。
By 2012, the total number of our undergraduates has reached the expected scale in the year 2020 according to the Education Outline. During the year 2011-2020, the accumulative total scale of our higher education graduates will reach 100 million, among which the number of graduates from regular universities is 70 million. In the 1990s, the number of graduates from regular universities could only meet 1/3 of the demand of white-collar posts. In the first 10 years of the new century, the number of graduates from regular universities has been larger than the total demand number of white-collar posts. In the future 10 years, around 40% of the graduates from regular universities must enter blue-collar posts, and become knowledge-based workers, farmers and skill-oriented business service staff. Even if the total enrolment scale of the universities in the future 10 years is increasing at an annual average low speed of 1.5%, it will break through 40 million by the year 2020, hopefully entering the stage of higher educational universalness ahead of schedule. The phasic significant change calls for the transformation development of higher education, requesting the scientific orientation and rational division of labor again by various levels of universities, and asking for significant adjustment in the disciplinary structure and talent cultivation standard.