社会学评论
社會學評論
사회학평론
2013年
1期
36~43
,共null页
户籍制度 户口等级 城镇化 市民化
戶籍製度 戶口等級 城鎮化 市民化
호적제도 호구등급 성진화 시민화
：household registration system; the grade of household registration; urbanization; eitizenization
当前我国城镇化和市民化发展进入了新阶段、新时期。户籍制度是市民化过程中一个最基本的万面。由于我国现行尸籍制度中“嵌入”了太多的利益，以及在人口迁移方面的严格管理，使城乡之间、城市之间的户口出现了一定程度的价值化和等级化的趋势。近年来，全国部分地区推行的各式各样户籍制度改革模式，如严格控制型、有限开放型、全面放开型等，虽然使城乡“二元”的户籍制度开始有所松动，但城市之间的尸口等级差异却有进一步加剧的趋势，从而使得农民工市民化的问题似乎变成了一件既可能、又不可能的事情。因此，老一代农民工群体中就自发地形成了一种特殊的市民化路径，即就地或就近市民化。然而，随着新生代农民工的兴起，原先的就地或就近市民化路径开始遇到巨大的挑战。因此，未来我国必须进一步深化户籍制度改革，让农民I-有更多的机会、更多的选择去实现市民化，使城镇化逐渐从“数量增加”向“质量提升”转变。
噹前我國城鎮化和市民化髮展進入瞭新階段、新時期。戶籍製度是市民化過程中一箇最基本的萬麵。由于我國現行尸籍製度中“嵌入”瞭太多的利益，以及在人口遷移方麵的嚴格管理，使城鄉之間、城市之間的戶口齣現瞭一定程度的價值化和等級化的趨勢。近年來，全國部分地區推行的各式各樣戶籍製度改革模式，如嚴格控製型、有限開放型、全麵放開型等，雖然使城鄉“二元”的戶籍製度開始有所鬆動，但城市之間的尸口等級差異卻有進一步加劇的趨勢，從而使得農民工市民化的問題似乎變成瞭一件既可能、又不可能的事情。因此，老一代農民工群體中就自髮地形成瞭一種特殊的市民化路徑，即就地或就近市民化。然而，隨著新生代農民工的興起，原先的就地或就近市民化路徑開始遇到巨大的挑戰。因此，未來我國必鬚進一步深化戶籍製度改革，讓農民I-有更多的機會、更多的選擇去實現市民化，使城鎮化逐漸從“數量增加”嚮“質量提升”轉變。
당전아국성진화화시민화발전진입료신계단、신시기。호적제도시시민화과정중일개최기본적만면。유우아국현행시적제도중“감입”료태다적이익，이급재인구천이방면적엄격관리，사성향지간、성시지간적호구출현료일정정도적개치화화등급화적추세。근년래，전국부분지구추행적각식각양호적제도개혁모식，여엄격공제형、유한개방형、전면방개형등，수연사성향“이원”적호적제도개시유소송동，단성시지간적시구등급차이각유진일보가극적추세，종이사득농민공시민화적문제사호변성료일건기가능、우불가능적사정。인차，로일대농민공군체중취자발지형성료일충특수적시민화로경，즉취지혹취근시민화。연이，수착신생대농민공적흥기，원선적취지혹취근시민화로경개시우도거대적도전。인차，미래아국필수진일보심화호적제도개혁，양농민I-유경다적궤회、경다적선택거실현시민화，사성진화축점종“수량증가”향“질량제승”전변。
At present, the urbanization and eitizenization of China has already entered a new develop ment stage and period. The household registration system is the most basic aspect of eitizenization. There is a trend of value conversion and the process of hierarchy owing to the too many interest ＂embedded＂ in the pres ent registration system and the rigorously administered of population migration. In recent years, some areas of the country has carried out all kinds of household registration reform patterns, such as strictly control type, limited open type and fully open type. Although all of above make ＂urban-rural duality＂ household registra tion system have the loose sign, there is also a trend of grade household registration difference in different cit ies, and thus seems to make the problem of migrant workers eitizenization become a possible and impossible thing. Consequently, older generation of migrant workers has formed a special citizenization path spontaneous ly, namely, on the spot or citizenization nearby. However, the original path of on the spot or citizenization nearby is confronted with tremendous challenges with the rise of new generation migrant workers. According ly, more household registration system reform must be conducted in the future and make migrant workers have more chances and choices to achieve citizenization, transform the urbanization from ＂the increase in number＂ to ＂quality improvement＂.
