CAJ | 학술논문

自发地理信息作为旅游地理学研究的全新数据源，具有多时间尺度和多级空间尺度的特点。文章以九寨沟为例，通过采集旅游者上传的VGI照片数据，运用核密度估计方法挖掘多种时空尺度下旅游者关注度空间格局及其演化过程；同时，以互联网用户对照片的访问量为权重，进一步描述潜在旅游者的景观关注度。研究表明，旅游者对九寨沟的关注度格局相对稳定，旅游地尺度下的关注热点是树正沟、日则沟两条风景线，则查洼沟仅有少量景段关注度较高；风景线尺度下，树正沟的盆景滩一犀牛海景段，日则沟的诺日朗群海一镜海、珍珠滩瀑布一五花海、熊猫海瀑布一箭竹海景段，则查洼沟的五彩池一长海景段以及景区入口段等，均是旅游者关注度较高的热区；景点尺度下的树正群海、诺日朗群海、珍珠滩、五花海、熊猫海、箭竹海等水景观关注度日益提高，成为九寨沟的核心吸引物，而以藏族文化为主的人文景观关注度较低。研究同时发现，潜在旅游者受到照片上传者引导，其景观关注度格局也表现出层次性。
자발지리신식작위여유지이학연구적전신수거원，구유다시간척도화다급공간척도적특점。문장이구채구위례，통과채집여유자상전적VGI조편수거，운용핵밀도고계방법알굴다충시공척도하여유자관주도공간격국급기연화과정；동시，이호련망용호대조편적방문량위권중，진일보묘술잠재여유자적경관관주도。연구표명，여유자대구채구적관주도격국상대은정，여유지척도하적관주열점시수정구、일칙구량조풍경선，칙사와구부유소량경단관주도교고；풍경선척도하，수정구적분경탄일서우해경단，일칙구적낙일랑군해일경해、진주탄폭포일오화해、웅묘해폭포일전죽해경단，칙사와구적오채지일장해경단이급경구입구단등，균시여유자관주도교고적열구；경점척도하적수정군해、낙일랑군해、진주탄、오화해、웅묘해、전죽해등수경관관주도일익제고，성위구채구적핵심흡인물，이이장족문화위주적인문경관관주도교저。연구동시발현，잠재여유자수도조편상전자인도，기경관관주도격국야표현출층차성。
Volunteered Geographic Information （VGI） is a new data source for tourism geography research, and has multi-temporal and multi-spatial elements. It is an effective supplement when conducting fieldwork and questionnaire tourism data surveys, particularly in the research fields of tourism destination image and tourist behavior. Photographs containing coordinates, points of interest, travel tags, and travel notes describing various locations that are uploaded by tourists to the Internet are all examples of VGIs. A realization that VGI data contains important information and an analysis of respective tourist behavior allows tourism managers to develop a reasonable ＂ Spatiotemporal Separation＂ policy during peak tourist seasons. Moreover, it helps tourism planners in designing a destination image and those in tourism marketing to communicate and market the tourism product. This paper takes China＇ s Jiuzhai Valley, a premier national park located in the Min Shan mountain range in the Northern Sichuan region of southwestern China, as a case study. We discuss the spatial patterns of sightseeing at multiple temporal-spatial scales within the Jiuzhai Valley, and analyze changes in recent years using all the VGI photographs that tourists had uploaded to Google Earth （ an online virtual geographic information program） within the Jiuzhai Valley area. We processed their attributes, such as tags, location coordinates, author information, and upload time. Using a kernel density estimation model, we calculated the photograph distribution patterns that indirectly indicated the tourists＇ sightseeing patterns. We analyzed the number of views of each photograph by other Internet users and took these results as a weight to calculate a density distribution map. This provides a visual representation of sightseeing distribution patterns for prospective or future tourists. The sightseeing spatial pattern within the Jiuzhai Valley can be analyzed from three spatial scales： the overall destination, the sightseeing routes, and the scenery spots. From an overall destination perspective, we found that the tourist hot spots were mainly located on two sightseeing routes, Shuzheng Valley and Rize Valley. There were few scenic spots that attracted such high levels of attention in other sightseeing routes in the area, including the Zeehawa Valley. From a sightseeing route perspective, areas that attracted high levels of attention were located in the Potted Beach Rhinoceros Lake region within the Shuzheng Valley; the Nuorilang Lakes Mirror Lake, the Pearl Waterfall Five Flower Lake, the Panda Lake Waterfall and the Arrow Bamboo Lake regions within the Rize Valley; the Five Colors Lake Long Lake region within the Zechawa Valley; and the Jiuzhai Valley entrance. From a scenery spot perspective, specific features such as the Shuzheng Lakes, the Nuorilang Lakes, the Pearl Shoal, the Five Flower Lake, the Panda Lake and the Arrow Bamboo Lake attract high levels of attention and are core Jiuzhai Valley attractions. The Semo and Yuzhigonggai mountains are beautiful ecotourism landscapes; however, they received less attention because of their high elevations. Areas famous for Tibetan culture, such as the Lotus Valley, Jianpan Village and Panya Village also attracted lower levels of attention. The weighted analysis of photograph views by Internet users showed that prospective tourists are guided by the photographs uploaded by previous tourists. The prospective tourist spatial pattern analysis showed hierarchical characteristics.