清史研究
清史研究
청사연구
Studies in Qing History
2014年
1期
1~27
,共null页
白雅诗(著) 董建中(译)
白雅詩(著) 董建中(譯)
백아시(저) 동건중(역)
耶稣会士医学 西学 康熙皇帝 奏折 控制
耶穌會士醫學 西學 康熙皇帝 奏摺 控製
야소회사의학 서학 강희황제 주절 공제
本文考察的是在康熙皇帝赞助西学之下,耶稣会士医学和耶稣会士医学活动是如何在一个多族群医疗活动这一更为广阔的背景下发挥作用的。宫廷中的传教士,尤其是那些专习医学的传教士,成了欧洲医学与中国医学的穿针引线者。他们通过侍奉康熙皇帝的医学活动,可以接触皇帝甚至是与其周围人有着亲近机会。本研究所使用的主要材料是满汉文医学奏折,它们见证了耶稣会士医学在康熙宫廷的传播与实践。这些文献的私人和机密性质以及它们反映的部分宫廷政策,显示出医学是如何成为受到康熙皇帝系统赞助的西学的一个领域的。本文还鉴别出一些属于皇帝权力和特权的广泛网络的重要参与者的身份。当康熙皇帝对于一些股肱文武官员及皇室成员的健康问题表现出个人的关切,有时甚至是分发耶稣会士医药给他们时,这种权力和特权表现得尤为明显。
本文攷察的是在康熙皇帝讚助西學之下,耶穌會士醫學和耶穌會士醫學活動是如何在一箇多族群醫療活動這一更為廣闊的揹景下髮揮作用的。宮廷中的傳教士,尤其是那些專習醫學的傳教士,成瞭歐洲醫學與中國醫學的穿針引線者。他們通過侍奉康熙皇帝的醫學活動,可以接觸皇帝甚至是與其週圍人有著親近機會。本研究所使用的主要材料是滿漢文醫學奏摺,它們見證瞭耶穌會士醫學在康熙宮廷的傳播與實踐。這些文獻的私人和機密性質以及它們反映的部分宮廷政策,顯示齣醫學是如何成為受到康熙皇帝繫統讚助的西學的一箇領域的。本文還鑒彆齣一些屬于皇帝權力和特權的廣汎網絡的重要參與者的身份。噹康熙皇帝對于一些股肱文武官員及皇室成員的健康問題錶現齣箇人的關切,有時甚至是分髮耶穌會士醫藥給他們時,這種權力和特權錶現得尤為明顯。
본문고찰적시재강희황제찬조서학지하,야소회사의학화야소회사의학활동시여하재일개다족군의료활동저일경위엄활적배경하발휘작용적。궁정중적전교사,우기시나사전습의학적전교사,성료구주의학여중국의학적천침인선자。타문통과시봉강희황제적의학활동,가이접촉황제심지시여기주위인유착친근궤회。본연구소사용적주요재료시만한문의학주절,타문견증료야소회사의학재강희궁정적전파여실천。저사문헌적사인화궤밀성질이급타문반영적부분궁정정책,현시출의학시여하성위수도강희황제계통찬조적서학적일개영역적。본문환감별출일사속우황제권력화특권적엄범망락적중요삼여자적신빈。당강희황제대우일사고굉문무관원급황실성원적건강문제표현출개인적관절,유시심지시분발야소회사의약급타문시,저충권력화특권표현득우위명현。
This article investigates how "Jesuit medicine" and "Jesuit medical practices" under the Kangxi Emperor's (r. 1662--1722) patronage of Western Learning functioned within a wider context of multi- ethnic medical practices. Missionaries at the court in general, and those specia lized in medicine in particular, became medical interlocutors of European medicine to China and of Chinese medicine to Europe. Practicing medicine in the service of the Kangxi Emperor provided them with an opportunity for personal and even intimate access to the Emperor and his environment. Manchu and Chinese Medical Palace Memorials, the main type of primary sources used for this study, bear witness to the transmission of Jesuit medicine and practice to the Kangxi court. By highlighting the private and confidential nature of these documents and the factional court politics they reflect, it is shown how medicine became one of the fields of Western Learning that was systematically patronized by the Emperor. In addition, this article identifies a number of important actors belonging to a wide network of imperial power and privilege. Power and privilege are especially manifest in cases of the health problems of important officials, officers, and members of the imperial family when the Kangxi Emperor took a personal interest in their illnesses, sometimes even distributing Jesuit medical drugs to them.