CAJ | 학술논문

《春秋繁露》全面地体现了董仲舒的史学思想.在董仲舒看来,历史学的研究对象就是政治发展的过程,是各级官员履行职责的是非得失;而其任务是正名即区别行政事务中各级官员的职务和职责,考核其政治能力和贡献.所以,历史学的性质就是政治学,其功用是管理国家政治的锁钥、把握未来和抒发政治抱负的凭借.历史是人类为核心主体的发展过程,而仁义是人类创造历史的基本动力.行使仁义,就是掌握政权要合法,行使政权要合理;需要重用贤能,贤能则需要拿出自己的才智、本领和忠心;要制定制度,赢得民心.历史认识的方式是天人合一：即经过人自身的知识认识历史的叫作“天之副在乎人”,又经过对于过去历史的认识来把握现实的叫作“人副天数”;其范畴是五行和阴阳;其检验的标准是历史事实、学术讨论和政治实效.天人合一也是史学研究的方法论,包括“善善恶恶”的历史主义方法、将自然与人类两相对照的比较方法、注重圣贤先知先觉的理论分析法和注重历史创造主体的价值分析法.
《춘추번로》전면지체현료동중서적사학사상.재동중서간래,역사학적연구대상취시정치발전적과정,시각급관원리행직책적시비득실;이기임무시정명즉구별행정사무중각급관원적직무화직책,고핵기정치능력화공헌.소이,역사학적성질취시정치학,기공용시관리국가정치적쇄약、파악미래화서발정치포부적빙차.역사시인류위핵심주체적발전과정,이인의시인류창조역사적기본동력.행사인의,취시장악정권요합법,행사정권요합리;수요중용현능,현능칙수요나출자기적재지、본령화충심;요제정제도,영득민심.역사인식적방식시천인합일：즉경과인자신적지식인식역사적규작“천지부재호인”,우경과대우과거역사적인식래파악현실적규작“인부천수”;기범주시오행화음양;기검험적표준시역사사실、학술토론화정치실효.천인합일야시사학연구적방법론,포괄“선선악악”적역사주의방법、장자연여인류량상대조적비교방법、주중골현선지선각적이론분석법화주중역사창조주체적개치분석법.
Dong Zhong-shu＇ s book Chunqiufanlu embodies his historiographical thoughts roundly. In his opinion, the object of history research is the course of political development, and the officials＇ gain and loss when they perform their duties. And the mission is to distinguish the post and duty of officials at different levels, to examine their political ability and contribution. In other words, the nature of historiography is politics, and its function is a key to manage national politics, to control future and to express political ideas. History is a process taking the human being as the core, while kindness is the basic motivation for people to create history. Performing kindness means getting power legally and using power reasonably. At the same time, the talents should be valued and they should show their wisdom and loyalty. Moreover, the system should be created to win the people＇ s support. He proposes that the means to understand history should be the joint of human being and heaven. That is to say, human being should understand the history on the basis of their experience while understanding the reality by their knowledge of the past. The theory of joint of human being and heaven belongs to the category of Wuxing and yinyang and its testing measure includes historical facts, academic discussion and political effects. In a word, being regarded as folk theory on history, his thoughts can be understood as the methodology of history research including historicalism, comparison, and value analysis.