CAJ | 학술논문

《易》中的“敬以直内”等思想，成为程颐关聚“敬”字的主要思想资源。在对于敬的多重界定中，敬就是敬本身。敬描述的是对对象本身的专注状态，敬作为一种德目，具有自身的独立性。“主一之谓敬”。“无妄”即是“敬”。“敬以直内”也是要知道进退、知道事物的度量界限之所在。“敬”作为进退的边界，《易》的艮卦最具启示意义。“敬”总是在关系中得以显现出来，离开了对象的关系，所谓“敬”，所谓“诚”都是不存在的。程颐探讨了“敬”与“率性”、“敬”与“和乐”、“敬”与“虚静”等范畴之间的关系。“敬以直内”作为德行修持的工夫，包含了与“义以方外”相辅相成的内容，它把“天道”与“人性”联系在一起．既为天理下贯人性提供了理论基础，又为修德与天理相合找到了简易的途径。
《역》중적“경이직내”등사상，성위정이관취“경”자적주요사상자원。재대우경적다중계정중，경취시경본신。경묘술적시대대상본신적전주상태，경작위일충덕목，구유자신적독립성。“주일지위경”。“무망”즉시“경”。“경이직내”야시요지도진퇴、지도사물적도량계한지소재。“경”작위진퇴적변계，《역》적간괘최구계시의의。“경”총시재관계중득이현현출래，리개료대상적관계，소위“경”，소위“성”도시불존재적。정이탐토료“경”여“솔성”、“경”여“화악”、“경”여“허정”등범주지간적관계。“경이직내”작위덕행수지적공부，포함료여“의이방외”상보상성적내용，타파“천도”여“인성”련계재일기．기위천리하관인성제공료이론기출，우위수덕여천리상합조도료간역적도경。
The idea of ＂holding reverence to straighten one＇ s internal realm＂ mentioned in the Changes is the main ideological resource for Cheng Yi＇ s focusing on ＂reverence＂. In the multiple definitions of reverence, reverence refers to reverence itself. What rev- erence describes is the status of focusing on the object. As an item of virtue, reverence itself has its own independence. ＂Holding one is called reverence＂ and ＂no vain attempt＂ is also the manifestation of reverence. ＂Holding reverence to straighten one＇ s internal realm＂ means one should know the proper time for advancing or retreating and the limit of the development of a thing. As the demarca- tion of advancing and retreating, hexagram Gen [ ~] in the Changes is most inspiring. ＂Reverence＂ is always manifested in the rela- tions without the relations between the objects, the so-called ＂reverence＂ and ＂sincerity＂ will not exist. Cheng Yi discussed the relationships between ＂reverence＂ and ＂following one＇ s innate nature＂, ＂reverence＂ and ＂harmonious pleasure＂, ＂reverence＂ and ＂void ＆ quiescence＂. As a practice of self-cultivation, ＂holding reverence to straighten one＇ s internal realm＂ contains the elements mutually supplementary to ＂holding righteousness to rectify one＇s external conducts＂, which links the ＂Dao （Way} of heaven＂ and ＂human nature＂, offers a theoretic foundation for the carrying out of heavenly principle in human nature, and highlights a simple ap- proach to the unity of self-cultivation and heavenly principle.