CAJ | 학술논문

本文以中国铁路总公司为例，探讨了国有企业的性质及其经济行为的法律规制问题，认为国有企业天然地具有国家性质和市场性质的双重性质，其经济行为也必然呈现出不同性质，应受到不同性质的法律规制。本文主张必须要对国有企业的国家性质和市场性质及其相应的业务范畴进行较为清晰地划分：对于国家性质的业务范畴必须创建一套精密周到的公法尤其是行政法的规制系统，以保障社会公平和正义的资源分配；而对于市场性质的业务范畴则要纳入经济公法的规制系统并接受民商法律体系的规范，从而保障市场的公平竞争。从根本上说，这种法制安排是为了防止国有资产的流失以及政治利益集团绑架国家利益等至为恶劣情形的出现。
본문이중국철로총공사위례，탐토료국유기업적성질급기경제행위적법률규제문제，인위국유기업천연지구유국가성질화시장성질적쌍중성질，기경제행위야필연정현출불동성질，응수도불동성질적법률규제。본문주장필수요대국유기업적국가성질화시장성질급기상응적업무범주진행교위청석지화분：대우국가성질적업무범주필수창건일투정밀주도적공법우기시행정법적규제계통，이보장사회공평화정의적자원분배；이대우시장성질적업무범주칙요납입경제공법적규제계통병접수민상법률체계적규범，종이보장시장적공평경쟁。종근본상설，저충법제안배시위료방지국유자산적류실이급정치이익집단방가국가이익등지위악렬정형적출현。
This paper takes Chinese Railway Company as an example, exploring the properties of state--owned enterprises and the problems of their legal regulation of economic behaviors, and believes that state--owned enterprises naturally have the dual characters of nation and market, and their economic behaviors inevitably show different character, therefore should be regulated by laws of different character. This paper argues that state--owned enterprises must be clearly di- vided upon its national and market characters and its corresponding business areas： for the business areas of national character, the country must create a sophisticated and thoughtful public law, especially administrative regulation sys terns to ensure socially fair and just resource allocatiom while the business areas of market character should be incor- porated into the regulation system of economic public law and accept civil and commercial law system specifications to ensure fair market competition. Fundamentally, this legal arrangement is intended to prevent the loss of state assets, and worst situations such as political interest groups kidnapping national interests to arise.