CAJ | 학술논문

基于自我控制资源模型，本研究探讨了自我损耗对冒险行为的影响以及生理能量补充在其中的缓解作用。实验1和实验2分别通过“Stroop”和“非利手写作”任务操纵被试的自我损耗，两个实验均用气球模拟风险决策任务考察被试的冒险行为，并且通过摄入含有或不含有葡萄糖的柠檬水来操纵生理能量水平。结果发现，在排除无关变量后，高损耗者比低损耗者尽可能多地对气球进行充气以寻求奖赏（实验1和实验2），但饮用含葡萄糖的柠檬水能够有效降低这种反应（实验2）。该研究证实了自我损耗促进冒险行为，补充生理能量能有效缓解该效应。
기우자아공제자원모형，본연구탐토료자아손모대모험행위적영향이급생리능량보충재기중적완해작용。실험1화실험2분별통과“Stroop”화“비리수사작”임무조종피시적자아손모，량개실험균용기구모의풍험결책임무고찰피시적모험행위，병차통과섭입함유혹불함유포도당적저몽수래조종생리능량수평。결과발현，재배제무관변량후，고손모자비저손모자진가능다지대기구진행충기이심구장상（실험1화실험2），단음용함포도당적저몽수능구유효강저저충반응（실험2）。해연구증실료자아손모촉진모험행위，보충생리능량능유효완해해효응。
According to the strength model of self control, self control refers to the limited capacity that people employ to override undesirable thoughts, emotions and behaviors. This model proposes that the initial exertion of self control consumes the limited re sources, which reduce the performance of subsequent tasks involving self control. This effect is called self control resources deple tion （also known as ego depletion）. It further argues that ego depletion can be circumvented by a variety of approaches. The process of making decision is influenced by bothan analytic system and an experiential system. It has been unraveled that the analytic system is damaged by ego depletion, leading people to depend more on their experiential system to make a decision. Under this circumstance, people may fail to evaluate the risks and benefits, which promotes the occurrence of risk behaviors. Therefore, the cur rent study assumes that ego depletion may promote risk behaviors. In addition, the present study also hypothesizes that having partici pants drink lemonade mixed with glucose can better alleviate the negative effect of ego depletion on risk taking behavior than when they drink lemonade without glucose. Two experiments were designed to test these ideas. In Experiment 1, a congruent or incongruent Stroop task was used to manipulate participants＇self control resources. The rationale of this task is that people should control the predominant tendency to name the word when they are required to speak aloud the color, which consumes a lot of self control resources. After completing the Stroop task, participants were required to answer three manipula tion checks and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale （PANAS） before working on the balloon analogue risk task （BART）, which was to test their risk taking behavior. In Experiment 2, ego depletion was manipulated by a ＂writing with non dominant hand＂ task. The rationale of this task is that right handed people in this right handed world have established a firm habit of using their right hands. Thus, it would be hard for them to use their non dominant hand to do something （ e. g. , writing）. Tremendous self control resources have to be employed because they must exert self control to complete such a task. After finishing writing the paper, respondents were also asked to fill in three manipulation checks and the PANAS. Finally, they completed the BART after having a glass of beverage with or without approximately 400 calories. In both experiments, the Trait Self control Scale and Risk Preference Index were first adminis tered to participants before they undertook the ego depletion tasks. After ruling out some possible intervening variables （e. g. , trait self control level, risk preference and mood）, participants in the condition of high self control resources depletion risked more to get greater reward than those in the condition of low self control re sources depletion （ Experiment 1 and 2）. More importantly, when in the state of high self control resources depletion, people who had beverage containing glucose risked less than those drinking the beverage without glucose （ Experiment 2 ）, suggesting that supplementing physiological energy could effectively mitigate the negative effect of self control resources depletion on risk taking behavior. In sum, the present study demonstrated that ego depletion indeed promotes risk taking behavior, and this effect can be moderated by physiological energy supplement.